Social Snacking and Shielding: Using Social Symbols, Selves, and Surrogates in the Service of Belonging Needs

By W. Gardner, Cynthia Pickett, Megan L. Knowles. 2005

154 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee40257ffc10314e57ea5a181ad5dd186db267cd

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Citations in the corpus

To nostalgize: mixing memory with affect and desire (2015, background): “As such, indirect relational strategies (Gardner et al., 2005), that is, mental representations of relational bonds, will include both intimacy and caring.”
Is Efficiency Overrated? (2014, background): “In their model of belonging regulation, Gardner, Pickett, and Knowles (2005) suggested that when people are dissatisfied with their current state of belonging, a social monitoring system will search for opportunities for positive social interaction.”
Finding Meaning in Nostalgia (2018, background): “Here, a distinction by Gardner, Pickett, and Knowles (2005) is relevant.”
Threats to belonging on Facebook: lurking and ostracism (2015, background): “Although other researchers have found that viewing reminders of social connections (Gardner et al., 2005) and thinking about social surrogates (Derrick, Gabriel, & Hugenberg, 2009) can meet belonging needs to some extent, our findings indicate that a lack of communication on the part of individuals…”
Individual differences in nostalgia proneness: the integrating role of the need to belong (2013, background): “Gardner, Pickett, and Knowles (2005) made a distinction between direct and indirect compensatory strategies.”
A Little Acceptance Goes a Long Way (2010, background): “Second, interpreting these results in terms of the number of acceptors fits with recent theoretical and empirical evidence suggesting that excluded people are highly sensitive to potential sources of social connection (e.g., DeWall, in press; DeWall, Twenge, et al., 2009; Gardner et al., 2005).”
Ostracism. (2007, unknown): “ostracism, social exclusion, and/or rejection thwart the need to belong, in particular (Gardner et al. 2005, Pickett & Gardner 2005), and how a psychological system—the optimal levels of belongingness.”
How listening to music and engagement with other media provide a sense of belonging: An exploratory study of social surrogacy (2018, unknown): “Furthermore, this finding is in line with previous research documenting a positive correlation between the need to belong and symbolic social behaviors (Gardner et al., 2005).”
Proposing the Communicate Bond Belong Theory: Evolutionary Intersections With Episodic Interpersonal Communication (2017, background): “Symbolic mediated communicative behaviors, such as writing or seeing a photo, are highly energy efficient compared to face-to-face interactions, yet can reduce motivation to satiate the need to belong (Gardner et al., 2005).”