Functional classification of interferon‐stimulated genes identified using microarrays

By Michael J De Veer, Michelle Holko, M. Frevel, E. Walker, S. Der, J. Paranjape, R. Silverman, Bryan R. G. Williams. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2001

945 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Interferons (IFNs) are a family of multifunctional cytokines thatactivate transcription of subsets of genes. The gene products inducedby IFNs are responsible for IFN antiviral, antiproliferative, andimmunomodulatory properties. To obtain a more comprehensive list and abetter understanding of the genes regulated by IFNs, we compiled datafrom many experiments, using two different microarray formats. Thecombined data sets identified >300 IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs). Toprovide new insight into IFN‐induced cellular phenotypes, we assignedthese ISGs to functional categories. The data are accessible on the World Wide Web at http://www.lerner.ccf.org/labs/williams, including functional categories and individual genes listed in asearchable database. The entries are linked to GenBank and Unigenesequence information and other resources. The goal is to eventuallycompile a comprehensive list of all ISGs. Recognition of the functionsof the ISGs and their specific roles in the biological effects of IFNsis leading to a greater appreciation of the many facets of theseintriguing and essential cytokines. This review focuses on thefunctions of the ISGs identified by analyzing the microarray data andfocuses particularly on new insights into the protein kinaseRNA‐regulated (PRKR) protein, which have been made possible with theavailability of PRKR‐null mice.

Subfields: Cancer Research, Immunology, Oncology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee29b9f8cf929695b67b796113bb52ed14f2bca4

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Citations in the corpus

• Interferon signaling and treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C (2008, background): “Many ISGs have antiviral activity, but some are involved in other processes such as lipid metabolism, apoptosis, protein degradation, and inflammatory cell responses (11).”
• Polymorphisms in the tyrosine kinase 2 and interferon regulatory factor 5 genes are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. (2005, background): “This results in increased expression of a spectrum of type I IFN–inducible genes (de Veer et al. 2001).”
• Viruses and interferon: a fight for supremacy (2002, background): “Now, we know that there are hundreds of IFN-regulated genes, many of which are repressed or downregulated by IF”
• Mechanism of action of interferon and ribavirin in treatment of hepatitis C (2005, background): “Microarray analyses show that hundreds of genes are induced by type-1 IFN, many related to antiviral activity but others involved in lipid metabolism, apoptosis, protein degradation and inflammatory cell response”
• Innate and adaptive immunity in teleost fish: a review. (2018, background): “Some of these genes encode antiviral proteins, such as protein MX (MX), protein kinase dsRNA activated (PKR) and 2,5-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) (De Veer et al., 2001; Samuel, 2001).”
• Interferons at age 50: past, current and future impact on biomedicine (2007, background): “As ISGs with high levels of transcriptional induction are still poorly characterized functionally 79, 80, 128 , some could prove to be critical mediators of antiviral and other actions. because all biological effects of IFNs are mediated through the action of ISGs (TABLe 1) , further research into u”
• IL28B is associated with response to chronic hepatitis C interferon-α and ribavirin therapy (2009, background): “Several in vitro studies have shown that antiviral treatment can also induce or inhibit the expression of hundreds of gene”
• Interferon-Gamma at the Crossroads of Tumor Immune Surveillance or Evasion (2018, background): “IFN-γ pleiotropic functions are mediated by cell-specific expression of hundreds of IFN-γ-regulated genes that encompass inflammatory signaling molecules, apoptosis and cell cycle regulators, and transcriptional activators (50).”
• Inquiring into the Differential Action of Interferons (IFNs): an IFN-α2 Mutant with Enhanced Affinity to IFNAR1 Is Functionally Similar to IFN-β (2006, methodology): “Gene microarray technology has been used for monitoring ISG expression (11, 12, 21, 26).”
• The interferon response circuit: Induction and suppression by pathogenic viruses (2005, background): “IFN-stimulated gene products with antiviral activity Type I IFNs activate the expression of several hundred IFN- stimulated genes (ISGs) (de Veer et al., 2001; Der et al., 1998) some of which code for antiviral proteins (Fig.”
• Biology and pathogenesis of chikungunya virus (2010, background): “There are >300 ISG proteins encoded in our genome and, although the function of most is unclear, those that are well characterized have been shown to have crucial roles in host defenc”