Multiple actions of steroid hormones--a focus on rapid, nongenomic effects.

By E. Falkenstein, H. Tillmann, M. Christ, M. Feuring, M. Wehling. Pharmacological Reviews, 2000

1,039 citations recorded by the source corpus.

According to the traditional model, steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors and subsequently modulate transcription and protein synthesis, thus triggering genomic events finally responsible for delayed effects. Based upon similarities in molecular structure, specific receptors for steroids, vitamin D(3) derivatives, thyroid hormone, retinoids, and a variety of orphan receptors are considered to represent a superfamily of steroid receptors. In addition, very rapid effects of steroids mainly affecting intracellular signaling have been widely recognized that are clearly incompatible with the genomic model. These rapid, nongenomic steroid actions are likely to be transmitted via specific membrane receptors. Evidence for nongenomic steroid effects and distinct receptors involved is presented for all steroid groups including related compounds like vitamin D(3) and thyroid hormones. The physiological and clinical relevance of these rapid effects is still largely unclear, but their existence in vivo has been clearly shown in various settings including human studies. Drugs that specifically affect nongenomic steroid action may find applications in various clinical areas such as cardiovascular and central nervous disorders, electrolyte homeostasis, and infertility. In addition to a short description of genomic steroid action, this review pays particular attention to the current knowledge and important results on the mechanisms of nongenomic steroid action. The modes of action are discussed in relation to their potential physiological or pathophysiological relevance and with regard to a cross-talk between genomic and nongenomic responses.

Subfields: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Genetics, Pathology and Forensic Medicine

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ec6832035dea84b44a45cadc0ce7af4dc8c7787b

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In Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

In Genetics

P. Thomas

Citations in the corpus

Androgens and cardiovascular disease. (2003, neutral): “described for all major classes of steroids (72), including”
The pros and cons of phytoestrogens (2010, positive): “Steroid hormones, particularly estrogens, are now recognized to initiate rapid, nongenomic actions at the cell surface via a range of mechanisms, including the binding of specialized steroid membrane receptors [72,147,172,173,285].”
Identity of an estrogen membrane receptor coupled to a G protein in human breast cancer cells. (2005, background): “628 Endocrinology, February 2005, 146(2):624–632 Thomas et al.”
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Systemically Administered Glucocorticoids (2005, background): “Genomic mechannonclassical glucocorticoid receptors.[159] For examisms are not sufficient to explain such effects, as it ple, a fast (<5 minutes) inhibitory effect of dexahas been estimated that all glucocorticoid receptors methasone on cytosolic phospholipase A (cPLA) are occupied after prednisolon”