Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method.

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BM mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes facilitate multiple myeloma progression. (2013, positive): “All PCR reactions were run in triplicate, and miR expression — relative to RNU6B or C. elegans miR-39 — was calculated using the 2 – ΔΔ Ct method (50). miR transfection .”
Effect of Silybum marianum seeds as a feed additive on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, antioxidant status, and gene expression of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings (2019, methodology): “Relative gene expression ratios (RQ) between treated and control groups were calculated using the formula: RQ=2ΔΔCT (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001).”