A refined index of model performance

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A refined index of model performance: a rejoinder (2013, background): “A recent paper (Willmott et al., 2012) examines various statistics that have been proposed and used in a wide variety of environmental fields to provide model evaluation.”
Comparing expert judgement and numerical criteria for hydrograph evaluation (2015, background): “…study did not include some of the criteria recently proposed in the literature (Wang and Melesse 2005, Mobley et al. 2012, Pushpalatha et al. 2012, Willmott et al. 2012, Bardsley 2013, Jagupilla et al. 2014), nor criteria based on information theory (see e.g.Weijs et al. 2010, Pechlivanidis et…”
A new novel index for evaluating model performance (2014, background): “Willmott et al. (2011) suggested a refined index (dr) considering the problem of d.”
Pan evaporation prediction using a hybrid multilayer perceptron-firefly algorithm (MLP-FFA) model: case study in North Iran (2018, neutral): “5 Schematic structure of the MLP-FFA method for evaporation prediction IV: Willmott’s Index of agreement (WI) (Willmott et al. 2012) expressed as: WI ¼ 1− ∑ N i¼1 Oi−Pið Þ2 ∑ N i¼1 Pi−O ij j þ Oi−O ij jð Þ2 2 664 3 775; 0≤WI≤1 ð13Þ where N is the number of data, Oi and Pi are the ith observed and…”