T Cell Receptor Signaling Precedes Immunological Synapse Formation

By Kyeong-Hee Lee, A. Holdorf, Michael Loran Dustin, A. Chan, P. Allen, A. Shaw. Science, 2002

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A Logical Model Provides Insights into T Cell Receptor Signaling (2007, background): “, [5,21,22]), as well as models of the gene regulatory network governing T cell activation [23].”
T cell receptor-proximal signals are sustained in peripheral microclusters and terminated in the central supramolecular activation cluster. (2006, background): “TCR-MHCp interactions are required to sustain T cell signaling over a period of hours to fully activate CD4+ T cells (Beeson et al., 1996; Costello et al., 2002; Hashemi et al., 1996; Huppa et al., 2003; Iezzi et al., 1998; Lee et al., 2002).”
T cell receptor ligation induces the formation of dynamically regulated signaling assemblies (2002, background): “Signaling complexes as protosynapses Multiple signals are triggered by TCR engagement prior to the formation of a central TCR-rich cluster, or cSMAC (Negulescu et al., 1996; Delon et al., 1998; Grakoui et al., 1999; Lee et al., 2002).”
CTLA-4: new insights into its biological function and use in tumor immunotherapy (2002, background): “Because naive T cells require many hours of contact with an APC to become fully activated and extensively proliferat”
T-cell-antigen recognition and the immunological synapse (2003, background): “In conjugates of naive T cells and dendritic cells (DCs), active LCK and ZAP70 predominated in peripheral areas (high in CD4 and low in TCR”