The Experience of Sexual Harassment Among Grade-School Students: Early Socialization of Female Subordination?

By Sarah K. Murnen, L. Smolak. 2000

114 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Gender Studies, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e336206174dac6bca3cc1456568bb9e33f853913

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Citations in the corpus

A Test of Objectification Theory: The Effect of the Male Gaze on Appearance Concerns in College Women (2004, background): “Murnen and Smolak (2000) found that 75% of girls in elementary school (third through fifth grade) reported experiencing sexual harassment.”
Everyday Victimization of Adolescent Girls by Boys: Sexual Harassment, Bullying or Aggression? (2008, background): “From within an aggression framework, girls and teachers report a higher prevalence of boy to girl victimization than do boys (Owens, 1998). Also, Tulloch (1995) found girls to report more boy-to-girl bullying than did boys, and suggested that some behaviors that girls view as bullying are seen by bo”
Addressing Gender and Cultural Diversity in Body Image: Objectification Theory as a Framework for Integrating Theories and Grounding Research (2010, result): “... objectification theory accounts for family, peer, media, and social pressure to be thin (e.g., Conner-Greene et al. 1994; Field et al. 1999 ;G roesz et al.2002; Stice 2002), but also is consistent with evidence linking body image and eating pathology to a wider range of experiences such as sexua”
Predictors and Effects of Self-Objectification in Lesbians (2008, background): “…consequences for lesbians, they still internalize male standards of female beauty to some extent because these have become cultural standards (Murnen & Smolak, 2000), and as discussed above, there are benefits associated with conforming to beauty norms (e.g., Dion et al., 1972; Pingitore et…”
Peer regulation of teenage sexual identities (2004, background): “Eighty-®ve% and above of girls and 76% and above of boys experience peer sexual harassment in American studies (Fineran & Bennett, 1999; Kopels & Dupper, 1999; Murnen & Smolak, 2000), and 77% of girls and 72% of boys admitting sexually harassing their peers during school (Fineran & Bennett, 1999).”
Objectification Theory and Psychology of Women: A Decade of Advances and Future Directions (2008, unknown): “…(e.g., Connor-Greene, Striegel-Moore, & Cronan, 1994; Field, Camargo, Taylor, Berkey, & Colditz, 1999; Groesz, Levine, & Murnen, 2002; Jacobi, Hayward, de Zwann, Kraemer, & Agras, 2004; Larkin, Rice, & Russell, 1996; Murnen & Smolak, 2000; Piran, 1998; Stice, 2002; Weiner & Thompson, 1997).”
When What You See Is What You Get (2011, background): “Over time, however, subtle forms of sexual objectification may provide a foundation for more hostile forms of sexual objectification, including harassment or assault (Larkin, Rice, & Russel, 1996; Murnen & Smolak, 2000; Weiner & Thompson, 1997) and may have cumulative negative effects on women.”
Sexual Self-Esteem in American and British College Women: Relations with Self-Objectification and Eating Problems (2009, background): “Experiences of sexual objectification occur at a very young age, with a disturbing 75% of American elementary school girls reporting experiences of sexual harassment (Murnen and Smolak 2000).”
Sexual Harassment of Adolescents Perpetrated by Teachers and by Peers: An Exploration of the Dynamics of Power, Culture, and Gender in Secondary Schools (2003, background): “Several studies have demonstrated that there are substantial differences between the sexes concerning the prevalence, types, and severity of sexual harassment and abuse in schools (Brandenburg, 1997; Fineran & Bennett, 1998; Murnen & Smolak, 2000; Nelson & Oliver, 1998; O’Sullivan, Byers, & Finkel”
Complimentary Weightism: The Potential Costs of Appearance-Related Commentary for Women's Self-Objectification (2009, background): “…that varying levels of SO and appearance commentary occur in the lives of girls and women across the life span (e.g., Grabe et al., 2007; Murnen & Smolak, 2000; Tiggemann & Lynch, 2001), it is critical to further investigate these phenomena in groups of girls and women for whom the…”
The Influences of Perceived Identity Compatibility and Social Support on Women in Nontraditional Fields During the College Transition (2011, background): “For example, during the transition to middle school, which coincides with other developmental changes for young girls (eg, puberty and increases in reports of sexual harassment), school achievement begins to decline (Eccles et al, 1983; Murnen & Smolak, 2000 ).”