Scripts, plans, goals and understanding: an inquiry into human knowledge structures

By Roger C. Schank, Robert P. Abelson. 1978

Subfields: Knowledge Graphs & Representation

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Citations in the corpus

Experience Grounds Language (2020, background): “For example, frames and scripts (Schank and Abelson, 1977; Charniak, 1977; Dejong, 1981; Mooney and Dejong, 1985) require understanding often unstated sets of pre- and post-conditions about the world.”
A Corpus and Cloze Evaluation for Deeper Understanding of Commonsense Stories (2016, background): “A large body of work in story understanding has focused on learning scripts (Schank and Abelson, 1977).”
The Next Decade in AI: Four Steps Towards Robust Artificial Intelligence (2020, background): “Peter Norvig's dissertation on story understanding (Norvig, 1986) attempted to do something like this in a classic symbol-manipulation framework, as was much of Schank’s and Abelseon’s (Schank & Abelson, 1977) seminal work, but so far as I know story understanding is no longer an active current area”
The NarrativeQA Reading Comprehension Challenge (2017, background): “ratives (Schank and Abelson, 1977; Wilensky, 1978; Black and Wilensky, 1979; Chambers and Jurafsky, 2009).”
Visual Genome: Connecting Language and Vision Using Crowdsourced Dense Image Annotations (2016, background): “These efforts have grown to model physical processes (Forbus, 1984) or to model a series of actions as scripts (Schank and Abelson, 2013) for stories—both of which are not depicted in a single static image but which play roles in an image’s story.”
Deep Learning: A Critical Appraisal (2018, background): “A third focus might be on human understanding of narrative, a notion long ago suggested by Roger Schank and Abelson (1977) and due for a refresh (Marcus, 2014; Ko č isk ý et al., 2017).”
The New C Standard (Excerpted material) An Economic and Cultural Commentary (2008, unknown): “The script theory of Schank and Abelson[36] proposes that part of a person’s knowledge is organized around a large number of sterotypical situations involving activities that are often performed.”
Initial mental representations of design problems: Differences between experts and novices (2013, background): “Indeed, the creation or adaption of a fruitful frame has been indentified as a key practice in design and design thinking (Dorst, 2011; Paton & Dorst, 2010; Drews, 2009; Beckman & Barry, 2007), as well as in creative work in general (Hargadon & Bechky, 2006; Schank & Abelson, 1977).”
Constructing inferences during narrative text comprehension. (1994, background): “Some global structures are contextually specific and detailed, such as a script for eating at a restaurant (Schank & Abelson, 1977).”
Attachment and the processing of social information across the life span: theory and evidence. (2011, background): “…are elicited and responded to by environmental agents; see also Heider, 1958), and Baldwin (1995; i.e., that people develop interpersonal cognitive scripts of their transactional experiences with other persons; see also Dweck & London, 2004, Nelson & Gruendel, 1986, Schank & Abelson, 1977).”
How Dual-Identity Processes Foster Creativity (2014, unknown): “…various sets and approaches to a problem (Ashby, Isen, & Turken, 1999; Heilman, Nadeau, & Beversdorf, 2003; Nijstad, De Dreu, & Rietzschel, 2010; Schank & Abelson, 1977), to integrate inconsistent ideas (Kunda, Miller, & Claire, 1990; Leung & Chiu, 2010; Tadmor et al., 2012; Thagard, 1997; Wan…”
A Theoretical Model of the Effects and Consequences of Playing Video Games. (2006, background): “Scripts are well-learned and well-rehearsed concepts often involving an understanding of causation, goals, and plans of action (Abelson, 1981; Anderson, Benjamin, & Bartholow, 1998; Schank & Abelson, 1977).”
Activity and Imagined Activity Can Enhance Young Children's Reading Comprehension. (2004, background): “Similarly, most schema theories (e.g., Schank & Abelson, 1977), connectionist theories (e.g., Masson, 1995), and theories using high dimensional spaces (e.g., Burgess & Lund, 1997; Landauer & Dumais, 1997) make use of AAA symbols.”
Recollection versus Imagination: Exploring Human Memory and Cognition via Neural Language Models (2020, background): “While this includes facts about how events unfold (i.e., scripts or schemas; Schank and Abelson, 1977; van Kesteren et al., 2012), here we focus on commonsense knowledge, which is also encoded in semantic memory (McRae and Jones, 2013).”