The myth of the risk-tolerant entrepreneur

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Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs: A Review of Recent Literature (2018, unknown): “Zhao and Seibert (2006) conclude, however, that no reliable difference emerges in the literature.”
Ethics and entrepreneurship: A bibliometric study and literature review (2019, background): “Looking at levels of risk tolerance – which in the literature is often presumed as being high for entrepreneurs – Xu and Ruef (2004) provide a comparison between entrepreneurs and other members of society, showing that there is no significant difference in risk tolerance levels.”
Bureaucracy and Entrepreneurship: Workplace Effects on Entrepreneurial Entry (2007, background): “A large body of research, for example, links individual differences in risk aversion to entrepreneurship (Kihlstrom and Laffont, 1979; Cramer et al., 2002; Ekelund et al., 2005; for a skeptical view, see Xu and Ruef, 2004).”
Risk and rationality in entrepreneurial processes (2007, background): “Xu and Ruef (2004) provided survey evidence that entrepreneurs view identity fulfi llment as more important than pecuniary benefi ts, whereas a control sample did not.”