Clinical application of antiangiogenic therapy: microvessel density, what it does and doesn't tell us.

By Lynn Hlatky, Philip Hahnfeldt, J. Folkman. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2002

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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiogenesis (2004, background): “Although MVD is a useful prognostic marker, it is not, by itself, an indicator of vascular function or therapeutic efficacy, nor should it be used to guide the stratification of patients for therapeutic trials (Hlatky et al., 2002).”
Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in cancer causes loss of endothelial fenestrations, regression of tumor vessels, and appearance of basement membrane ghosts. (2004, methodology): “Conventional measurements of microvascular density, one of the most common microscopic methods used to quantify angiogenesis in tumors,(6) is not always an accurate measure of efficacy because tumor mass may decrease in parallel with the number of blood vessels.(1) Other standard endpoints, such as ”
2ME2 inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis by disrupting microtubules and dysregulating HIF. (2003, background): “Following hypoxic stabilization, HIF-1 is translocated to the nucleus where it heterodimerizes with HIF-1 genesis is essential for the growth, progression, and metastasis of a tumor and, thus, agents that inhibit angiogenesis are attrac- (ARNT, arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator) and acti”