Structural basis of pre-existing immunity to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus
By R. Xu, D. Ekiert, Jens C. Krause, R. Hai, James E. Crowe Jr., Ian A. Wilson. Science, 2010
641 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Swine Flu Neutralized The 2009 H1N1 flu virus had an unusually low infection rate in elderly people. An antibody isolated from survivors of the 1918 flu pandemic was recently shown to cross-neutralize 2009 H1N1 viruses. Xu et al. (p. 357, published online 25 March) report crystal structures of the virus envelope protein, hemagglutinin (HA) from 2009 H1N1 and of 1918 H1 HA in complex with a neutralizing antibody that cross-reacts with both pandemic viruses. These studies reveal an epitope that is conserved in the pandemic viruses, but divergent in other known H1 HAs, from the 1930s to the present. This antigenic similarity explains the age-related immunity to the 2009 H1N1 influenza. An epitope conserved between the 1918 and 2009 pandemic flu viruses explains age-related immunity to the 2009 virus. The 2009 H1N1 swine flu is the first influenza pandemic in decades. The crystal structure of the hemagglutinin from the A/California/04/2009 H1N1 virus shows that its antigenic structure, particularly within the Sa antigenic site, is extremely similar to those of human H1N1 viruses circulating early in the 20th century. The cocrystal structure of the 1918 hemagglutinin with 2D1, an antibody from a survivor of the 1918 Spanish flu that neutralizes both 1918 and 2009 H1N1 viruses, reveals an epitope that is conserved in both pandemic viruses. Thus, antigenic similarity between the 2009 and 1918-like viruses provides an explanation for the age-related immunity to the current influenza pandemic.
Subfields: Agronomy and Crop Science, Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dde9f9d1046a71a9bea953445eb17032d732225e
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In Agronomy and Crop Science
In Epidemiology
- Barney S. Graham
- A. García‐Sastre
- R. Medina
- Peter S. Kim
- Brian L. Hie
- Kevin Kaichuang Yang
- M. Kanekiyo
In Infectious Diseases
Citations in the corpus
- Influenza A viruses: new research developments (2011, background): “This is due to the accumulation of mutations in the antigenic sites of HA during antigenic drift, and to the acquisition of glycosylation sites in the globular head of the protein, which can shield antigenically relevant region”
- Evolutionary velocity with protein language models (2021, positive): “, more proximal in sequence-embedding space) to the 1918-pandemic HA before subsequent divergence (Figure 3A), consistent with the convergent antigenic similarity between 1918 and 2009 pandemic influenza (Wei et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2010).”
- Site-specific glycan analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (2020, background): “The shielding of receptor binding sites by glycans is a common feature of viral glycoproteins, as observed on SARS-CoV-1 S (10, 13), HIV-1 Env (27), influenza HA (28, 29), and LASV GPC (24).”
- Flow Cytometry Reveals that H5N1 Vaccination Elicits Cross-Reactive Stem-Directed Antibodies from Multiple Ig Heavy-Chain Lineages (2014, background): “2D1 and 9E8 are head-specific monoclonal antibodies against H1 and H5, respectively (28, 36).”