Phosphoinositides: tiny lipids with giant impact on cell regulation.

By T. Balla. 2013

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Inhibition of PIP4Kγ ameliorates the pathological effects of mutant huntingtin protein (2017, background): “We hypothesized that elevation of PI5P might further impact the equilibrium between various PI species (Lietha, 2011; Emerling et al., 2014; Balla, 2013).”
Fat(al) attraction: Picornaviruses Usurp Lipid Transfer at Membrane Contact Sites to Create Replication Organelles (2016, background): “PI4P can be synthesized in mammalian cells by four distinct phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) [32], type II and type III that both consist of an /- and a b-isoform [33], which reside at different subcellular locations and locally synthesize PI4P.”
PIP4Ks Suppress Insulin Signaling through a Catalytic-Independent Mechanism (2018, positive): “Consistent with the model that PIP4Ks suppress insulin signaling by their catalytic-independent suppression of PI(4,5)P 2 synthesis by the PIP5Ks, expression of the kinase-dead PIP4K2A or the near-kinase-dead PIP4K2C in TKO cells was able to reverse the insulin-dependent increase in PI(3,4,5)P 3 acc”
In B cells, phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase–α synthesizes PI(4,5)P2 to impact mTORC2 and Akt signaling (2016, background): “PI(4,5)P2 is at very low levels in intracellular membranes (1), and therefore, any synthesized here by PI5P4Kα could have a disproportionate impact.”