How Toll-like receptors signal: what we know and what we don't know.

By Luke A. O'Neill. Current Opinion in Immunology, 2006

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Antimicrobial and host-defense peptides as new anti-infective therapeutic strategies (2006, background): “Nonetheless, certain TLR agonists, such as CpG oligonucleotides, are currently being develope”
Activation of innate immune antiviral response by NOD2 (2009, background): “So far two classes of viral PRRs have been identified: the Toll-like receptors (TLRs”
MicroRNAs: the fine-tuners of Toll-like receptor signalling (2011, neutral): “jpg"/> It is well established that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have important roles in detecting pathogens and in initiating inflammatory responses that subsequently prime specific adaptive immune responses during infectio”
Induction and regulatory function of miR-9 in human monocytes and neutrophils exposed to proinflammatory signals (2009, background): “In particular, the MyD88 and TIR domaincontaining adapter protein/MyD88 adapter-like protein (TIRAP/MAL) mediates the early NF- B activation, while the TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN /TIR-containing adapter molecule-1 (TRIF/TICAM-1) and TRIF-related adapter molecule/TIR-containing adapte”