Detecting and evaluating the impact of multidimensionality using item fit statistics and principal component analysis of residuals.

By Everett V. Smith. Journal of Applied Measurement, 2002

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The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study. (2009, methodology): “Unidimensionality was formally tested by examining the principal component loadings of the residuals (Smith 2002, Tennant and Pallant 2006).”
An introduction to the Rasch measurement model: an example using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). (2007, methodology): “…loadings on the first residual to determine subsets of items and then testing, by a paired t test, to see if the person estimate (the logit of person 'ability' or, in this case 'psychological distress') derived from these subsets significantly differs from that derived from all items (Smith, 2002).”
Development and validation of the Multimodal Presence Scale for virtual reality environments: A confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory approach (2017, methodology): “Unidimensionality was evaluated according to a formal test proposed by Smith (2002).”
Quantifying Local, Response Dependence Between Two Polytomous Items Using the Rasch Model (2012, background): “However, these kinds of approaches involve general tests of fit, and if all items have some common feature, the misfit may not be detected (Smith, 2002).”