Organs-on-chips at the frontiers of drug discovery

By Eric W. Esch, A. Bahinski, D. Huh. Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2015

1,063 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Improving the effectiveness of preclinical predictions of human drug responses is critical to reducing costly failures in clinical trials. Recent advances in cell biology, microfabrication and microfluidics have enabled the development of microengineered models of the functional units of human organs — known as organs-on-chips — that could provide the basis for preclinical assays with greater predictive power. Here, we examine the new opportunities for the application of organ-on-chip technologies in a range of areas in preclinical drug discovery, such as target identification and validation, target-based screening, and phenotypic screening. We also discuss emerging drug discovery opportunities enabled by organs-on-chips, as well as important challenges in realizing the full potential of this technology.

Subfields: Biomedical Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d3ff6b12bf6a4f5713c5111dc2536b221981c595

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In Biomedical Engineering

Citations in the corpus

Current Challenges of iPSC-Based Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Implications (2019, methodology): “This organ-on-chip technology is being employed to develop more physiologically relevant, cost-effective in vitro models for hit-to-lead and lead optimization that can more reliably predict the efficacy, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of drugs in humans [39].”
Bioprinting 3D microfibrous scaffolds for engineering endothelialized myocardium and heart-on-a-chip (2016, positive): “heart-on-chips) have also found increasing applications in functioning a s enabling in vitro biomimetic models to study pathology, measure cardiotoxicity, and develo p new therapeutics [3-13].”
Multisensor-integrated organs-on-chips platform for automated and continual in situ monitoring of organoid behaviors (2017, background): “J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 29(7):1046–1054.”
Artificial intelligence in drug development: present status and future prospects. (2019, background): “The underlying causes and possible measures to reduce attrition rates have previously been reviewed [21,22].”
Rethinking drug design in the artificial intelligence era (2019, background): “…under extreme conditions) 134 • Rigorous compound prioritization by applying sophisticated cell-based assays (for example, cells/organs-on-chips) 174–176 in an effort to more effectively recapitulate disease biology and thereby improve the likelihood of identifying compounds that show efficacy…”
Modeling Physiological Events in 2D vs. 3D Cell Culture. (2017, methodology): “One example is the lung-on-chip (FIGURE 2), which provides a novel method for testing the efficacy of pharmaceuticals rapidly and easily (33, 58, 59).”
Organoid-on-a-chip and body-on-a-chip systems for drug screening and disease modeling (2016, background): “Currently, most multi-organoid systems, as well as single organoid systems, do a passable job at mimicking certain aspects in vivo physiology, and can be used for simple drug-testing protocols [84].”