Why does fear override hope in societies engulfed by intractable conflict, as it does in the Israeli society?

By D. Bar-Tal. 2001

431 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Applied Psychology, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d2ef30dde942732b66060402b29321094f5f537b

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In Applied Psychology

In Social Psychology

Citations in the corpus

Collective Emotions in Conflict Situations: Societal Implications (2007, background): “More recently, Bar-Tal (2001) has suggested the concept of a collective emotional orientation, a concept that refers to the characterizing tendency of a society to express a particular emotion.”
Psychological Correlates of Support for Compromise: A Polling Study of Jewish-Israeli Attitudes toward Solutions to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (2005, background): “The emotion of fear is frequently described as central in intergroup conflict and as crucially affecting the chances of conflict resolution and reconciliation (Bar-Tal, 2001; Jarymowicz & Bar-Tal, 2002).”
The dominance of fear over hope in the life of individuals and collectives (2006, background): “Bar-Tal (2001) proposed the following criteria for identifying collective emotional orientation: 1.”
Hope in the Middle East (2014, background): “Major attempts have been made to resolve the conflict, ending with dismay, disappointment, and at times (like the Oslo Accords ending with a Palestinian uprising) escalation of violence on both sides, further perpetuating despair and fear and preventing hope from arising once again (Bar-Tal, 2001).”
Creativity and conservatism (2007, background): “First, individuals who are threatened by uncertainty may be disposed to focus on lowerorder needs to increase their safety and security (e.g., Bar-Tal, 2001; Maslow, 1987).”
Sociopsychological Foundations of Intractable Conflicts (2007, background): “…has served as a basis for an extensive analysis of Israeli Jewish society involved in Israeli-Arab conflict (e.g., Arviv-Abramovich, 2004; Bar-Tal, 1998a, 1998b, 2001, 2003, 2007; Bar-Tal & Antebi, 1992; Bar-Tal, Jacobson, & Klieman, 1998; Bar-Tal & Salomon, 2006; Bar-Tal & Teichman,…”
Ethos of conflict: The concept and its measurement. (2012, background): “…1998a, 2007a, in press), collective memories (Cairns & Roe, 2003; Connerton, 1989; Halbwachs, 1992; Paez & Liu, 2011; Wertsch, 2002), and collective emotional orientation (Bar-Tal, 2001; Halperin, Sharvit, & Gross, 2011), which are all interrelated and feed each other (Bar-Tal, 2007a; in press).”
Socio–Psychological Barriers to Peace Making: The Case of the Israeli Jewish Society (2010, background): “In the first case they feed and underlie the ideological conflict-supporting beliefs (see, e.g., the functioning of fear by Bar-Tal, 2001) and in the other case the intergroup negative emotional sentiments play pivotal role in limiting the scope of considerations (e.g., Baumeister & Butz, 2005;…”
Emotions in Conflict: Correlates of Fear and Hope in the Israeli-Jewish Society (2008, neutral): “A number of scholars have pointed to the important behavioral implications of collective or group-based emotions in situations of conflict between groups and societies (e.g., see Bar-Tal, 2001; Halperin, in press; Petersen, 2002; Volkan, 1997).”
Towards a Theory of Collective Emotions (2013, background): “Societies may develop collective emotional orientations which emphasize specific emotions by providing the cultural models and practices that shape the emotions of their members (Bar-Tal, 2001).”
Nature, Rationale, and Effectiveness of Education for Coexistence (2004, background): “These powerful factors influence the psyche of the group members maintaining fear, hatred, and animosity and at the same time jeopardizing any attempts to create a more positive climate for intergroup relations (see Bar-Tal, 2001, 2002b ).”
Collective guilt: Emotional reactions when one's group has done wrong or been wronged (2006, background): “Likewise, textbooks used by the Israeli Ministry of Education consistently claim that Arabs initiated the violence against the Jews, who have been consequently forced to defend themselves (Bar-Tal, 2001).”
Emotions and Emotion Regulation in Intractable Conflict: Studying Emotional Processes Within a Unique Context (2015, background): “This has led to an increased focus on emotions among political psychologists who study intergroup conflicts (e.g., Bar-Tal, 2001; Batson et al., 1997; Čehajić et al., 2009; Cohen-Chen, Halperin, Crisp, et al., 2014; Halperin, 2008, 2011; Halperin & Gross, 2011; Huddy et al., 2005; Lerner et al.,…”