Revisiting Milgram and Kishino's Reality-Virtuality Continuum
By Richard Skarbez, Missie Smith, Mary C. Whitton. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 2021
354 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Since its introduction in 1994, Milgram and Kishino's reality-virtuality (RV) continuum has been used to frame virtual and augmented reality research and development. While originally, the RV continuum and the three dimensions of the supporting taxonomy (extent of world knowledge, reproduction fidelity, and extent of presence metaphor) were intended to characterize the capabilities of visual display technology, researchers have embraced the RV continuum while largely ignoring the taxonomy. Considering the leaps in technology made over the last 25 years, revisiting the RV continuum and taxonomy is timely. In reexamining Milgram and Kishino's ideas, we realized, first, that the RV continuum is actually discontinuous; perfect virtual reality cannot be reached. Secondly, mixed reality is broader than previously believed, and, in fact, encompasses conventional virtual reality experiences. Finally, our revised taxonomy adds coherence, accounting for the role of users, which is critical to assessing modern mixed reality experiences. The 3D space created by our taxonomy incorporates familiar constructs such as presence and immersion, and also proposes new constructs that may be important as mixed reality technology matures.
Subfields: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Human-Computer Interaction
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d1f73659e00faae9ab077d59c725938ad01e6c45
How researchers see this paper
The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.
In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
- Carlos Bermejo
- Tristan Braud
- Abhishek Kumar
- Zijun Lin
- Lin Wang
- Dianlei Xu
- Philipp A. Rauschnabel
- Lik-Hang Lee
In Human-Computer Interaction
Citations in the corpus
- All One Needs to Know about Metaverse: A Complete Survey on Technological Singularity, Virtual Ecosystem, and Research Agenda (2021, background): “further included new branches of alternated realities, leaning towards the side of physical realities [54], namely MR [55] and the futuristic holograms like the digital objects shown in the Star Trek franchise [56].”
- A Metaverse: Taxonomy, Components, Applications, and Open Challenges (2022, neutral): “Skarbez [211] introduced mixed reality, real-world modeling, and real-world modeling.”
- What is XR? Towards a Framework for Augmented and Virtual Reality (2022, background): “The “ MR-dominant view ” is compelling and well-known due to its simplicity and flexibility (Skarbez et al., 2021).”