Reversible Unfolding of Single RNA Molecules by Mechanical Force

By J. Liphardt, B. Onoa, Steven B. Smith, I. Tinoco, Carlos Bustamante. Science, 2001

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Experimental validation of free-energy-landscape reconstruction from non-equilibrium single-molecule force spectroscopy measurements (2011, background): “, until the hairpin unfolds cooperatively in a two-state manner, creating characteristic ‘sawtooth’ patterns as the extension suddenly increase”
Theory, analysis, and interpretation of single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments (2008, background): “Pulling at a constant speed or at a constant force builds up mechanical tension, eventually culminating in a molecular transition such as ligand-receptor dissociation (3, 4), unfolding of a protein (5–10), or unzipping of nucleic acids (11, 12).”
Colloquium : Statistical mechanics and thermodynamics at strong coupling: Quantum and classical (2019, background): “For classical systems, the energy difference may be expressed as an integral of the power supplied to the system, and the power can be determined from an observation of the proper system alone (Liphardt et al., 2001).”
Mechanical stretching of proteins—a theoretical survey of the Protein Data Bank (2007, background): “DNA 13 [35, 36] P5abc three helix junction 19 [55]”