A “Starless” Core that Isn't: Detection of a Source in the L1014 Dense Core with the Spitzer Space Telescope

By C. Young, J. Jørgensen, Y. Shirley, Jens Kauffmann, T. Huard, S. Lai, C. Lee, A. Crapsi, T. Bourke, C. Dullemond and 20 more. 2004

153 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present observations of L1014, a dense core in the Cygnus region previously thought to be starless, but data from the Spitzer Space Telescope show the presence of an embedded source. We propose a model for this source that includes a cold core, heated by the interstellar radiation field, and a low-luminosity internal source. The low luminosity of the internal source suggests a substellar object. If L1014 is representative, other "starless" cores may turn out to harbor central sources.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cbcf4ff79f24d3f0b73114ffac1a78c610e2895f

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Citations in the corpus

• The Formation and Early Evolution of Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs (2012, background): “…more than a dozen candidate class 0 sources with luminosities that are indicative of young brown dwarfs (L < 0.1 L⊙, Dunham et al. 2008), several of which have been confirmed as protostellar (Bourke et al. 2006, Dunham et al. 2006, 2010, Kauffmann et al. 2011, Lee et al. 2009, Young et al. 2004).”
• Cold Dark Clouds: The Initial Conditions for Star Formation (2007, background): “…in the sensitivity of IR observations brought by the Spitzer Space Telescope has led to the discovery of a number of so-called very low luminosity objects (VeLLOs) in a few previously-thought starless cores, forcing a revision of the core classification (e.g., L1014, see Young et al. 2004).”
• YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS IN THE GOULD BELT (2015, background): “With the sensitivity of Spitzer, Class 0 sources are easily detected in the infrared (e.g., Noriega-Crespo et al. 2004; Young et al. 2004; Jørgensen et al. 2006; Dunham et al. 2006, 2008; Tobin et al. 2010).”
• On the Evolutionary Status of Class I Stars and Herbig-Haro Energy Sources in Taurus-Auriga (2004, background): “Indeed, early Spitzer Space Telescope results show that some ‘‘starless cores’’ may not be starless (Young et al. 2004).”
• Accretion onto Pre-Main-Sequence Stars (2016, background): “…wavelengths might increase luminosity estimates by a factor of two, the peak of the observed luminosity function is not far above the approximate completeness limits, suggesting that existing samples undercount very low luminosity objects (VeLLOs; Young et al. 2004, Bourke et al. 2006).”
• Identifying the Low-Luminosity Population of Embedded Protostars in the c2d Observations of Clouds and Cores (2007, background): “…(13) Lehtinen et al. (2005); (14) K. Brede et al. (2008), in preparation; (15) Henning et al. (1993); (16) H.J. Kim et al. (2008, in preparation); (17) Young et al. (2004); (18) Hatchell et al. (2005); (19) Hatchell et al. (2007a); (20) Kirk et al. (2006); (21) Enoch et al. (2006); (22) Clark…”
• THE VLA NASCENT DISK AND MULTIPLICITY SURVEY OF PERSEUS PROTOSTARS (VANDAM). II. MULTIPLICITY OF PROTOSTARS IN THE PERSEUS MOLECULAR CLOUD (2016, background): “Maury et al. (2010) then examined five systems (including two Very Low Luminosity Objects, protostellar sources which have internal luminosities <0.1 Le; Young et al. 2004), not finding any multiples on scales 1600 au.”
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Nearby Dense Cores. II. Discovery of a Low-Luminosity Object in the “Evolved Starless Core” L1521F (2006, methodology): “A similar analysis was performed previously for L1014-IRS (Young et al. 2004) and more recently for IRAM 04191+1522 (Dunham et al. 2006).”
• RESOLVING THE LUMINOSITY PROBLEM IN LOW-MASS STAR FORMATION (2011, background): “…the discovery of Very Low Luminosity Objects (VeLLOs), objects embedded within dense cores with Lint 5 ≤ 0.1 L⊙, most in cores previously classified as starless (Young et al. 2004; Bourke et al. 2006; Dunham et al. 2006, 2008, 2010a; Di Francesco et al. 2007; Terebey et al. 2009; Lee et al. 2009).”
• Interpreting Spectral Energy Distributions from Young Stellar Objects. I. A Grid of 200,000 YSO Model SEDs (2006, background): “This is an important heating source for very low-luminosity sources (Young et al. 2004), and was recently shown to be important for the temperature structure and chemistry of high-mass protostellar envelopes (Jørgensen et al. 2006).”
• Observing the gas temperature drop in the high-density nucleus of L 1544 (2007, methodology): “In fact, if L 1544 did contain a low-luminosity protostellar object similar to that found by the Spitzer Space Telescope in L 1014-IRS (Young et al. 2004), then we might have observed the continuum from the disk surrounding the protostar (expected to be of few mJy in L 1014-IRS at 1 mm, Young et…”