YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS IN THE GOULD BELT
By M. Dunham, L. Allen, N. Evans II, H. Broekhoven-Fiene, L. Cieza, J. di Francesco, R. Gutermuth, P. Harvey, J. Hatchell, A. Heiderman and 7 more. 2015
239 citations recorded by the source corpus.
We present the full catalog of Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) identified in the 18 molecular clouds surveyed by the Spitzer Space Telescope “cores to disks” (c2d) and “Gould Belt” (GB) Legacy surveys. Using standard techniques developed by the c2d project, we identify 3239 candidate YSOs in the 18 clouds, 2966 of which survive visual inspection and form our final catalog of YSOs in the GB. We compile extinction corrected spectral energy distributions for all 2966 YSOs and calculate and tabulate the infrared spectral index, bolometric luminosity, and bolometric temperature for each object. We find that 326 (11%), 210 (7%), 1248 (42%), and 1182 (40%) are classified as Class 0 + I, Flat-spectrum, Class II, and Class III, respectively, and show that the Class III sample suffers from an overall contamination rate by background Asymptotic Giant Branch stars between 25% and 90%. Adopting standard assumptions, we derive durations of 0.40–0.78 Myr for Class 0 + I YSOs and 0.26–0.50 Myr for Flat-spectrum YSOs, where the ranges encompass uncertainties in the adopted assumptions. Including information from (sub)millimeter wavelengths, one-third of the Class 0 + I sample is classified as Class 0, leading to durations of 0.13–0.26 Myr (Class 0) and 0.27–0.52 Myr (Class I). We revisit infrared color–color diagrams used in the literature to classify YSOs and propose minor revisions to classification boundaries in these diagrams. Finally, we show that the bolometric temperature is a poor discriminator between Class II and Class III YSOs.
Subfields: Anthropology, Astronomy and Astrophysics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c213ebec143e4916fe5e7a73ffd1568583411ff8
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In Astronomy and Astrophysics
Citations in the corpus
- ALMA SURVEY OF LUPUS PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. I. DUST AND GAS MASSES (2016, methodology): “We checked this sample against more recently published Lupus disk catalogues, which utilized updated Spitzer (Dunham et al. 2015) and Herschel (Bustamante et al. 2015) data.”
- ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks. II. Gas Disk Radii (2018, methodology): “We identify 95 Lupus members fitting these criteria in the published catalogs of Lupus disks (Hughes et al. 1994; Mortier et al. 2011; Meŕın et al. 2008; Comerón 2008; Dunham et al. 2015; Bustamante et al. 2015).”
- Accretion onto Pre-Main-Sequence Stars (2016, result): “The From Molecular Cores to Planet-Forming Disks (c2d) and Gould’s Belt Spitzer Legacy Programs (Evans et al. 2009, Dunham et al. 2013, 2015) have found significantly longer protostellar lifetimes (t f ≈ 0.5 Myr) compared with the original estimates (∼0.1–0.2 Myr) of Kenyon et al. (1990, 1994).”
- THE HERSCHEL ORION PROTOSTAR SURVEY: SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS AND FITS USING A GRID OF PROTOSTELLAR MODELS (2016, methodology): “…the formation of stars and disks; the goal of this work is to provide such a characterization for the protostars found in the Orion A and B clouds, the largest population of protostars for any of the molecular clouds within 500 pc of the Sun (Kryukova et al. 2012; Dunham et al. 2013, 2015).”