The Janus kinases (Jaks)
By K. Yamaoka, P. Saharinen, Marko Pesu, Vance Holt, O. Silvennoinen, J. O’Shea. Genome Biology, 2004
646 citations recorded by the source corpus.
SummaryThe Janus kinase (Jak) family is one of ten recognized families of non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Mammals have four members of this family, Jak1, Jak2, Jak3 and Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2). Birds, fish and insects also have Jaks. Each protein has a kinase domain and a catalytically inactive pseudo-kinase domain, and they each bind cytokine receptors through amino-terminal FERM (Band-4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domains. Upon binding of cytokines to their receptors, Jaks are activated and phosphorylate the receptors, creating docking sites for signaling molecules, especially members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) family. Mutations of the Drosophila Jak (Hopscotch) have revealed developmental defects, and constitutive activation of Jaks in flies and humans is associated with leukemia-like syndromes. Through the generation of Jak-deficient cell lines and gene-targeted mice, the essential, nonredundant functions of Jaks in cytokine signaling have been established. Importantly, deficiency of Jak3 is the basis of human autosomal recessive severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID); accordingly, a selective Jak3 inhibitor has been developed, forming a new class of immunosuppressive drugs.
Subfields: Oncology, Pharmacology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c9eeed86f7e4ea1723e6a0dc6250d94f399159a8
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In Oncology
Citations in the corpus
- Janus kinases in immune cell signaling (2009, background): “Whereas Jak1, Jak2, and Tyk2 are expressed ubiquitously in mammals, Jak3 is primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells (2, 3).”