Current approaches for assessing insulin sensitivity and resistance in vivo: advantages, limitations, and appropriate usage.

By R. Muniyappa, Sihoon Lee, Hui Chen, M. Quon. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2008

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Efficacy and safety of the farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid in patients with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (2013, background): “C IN IC A L IV ER confirmatory of beneficial effects of OCA on both hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity.(35,41) Treatment with OCA also induced a significant decrease in g-glutamyltransferase levels, a marker of fatty liver disease that is associated with prediabetes and diabetes in the gener”
α-Hydroxybutyrate Is an Early Biomarker of Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance in a Nondiabetic Population (2010, methodology): “Fasting insulin and derived indices (HOMA, QUICKI) have been widely used [17], but lack of insulin measurement standardization strongly limits their accuracy and has prevented adoption in routine clinical practice.”
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score and the histopathologic diagnosis in NAFLD: distinct clinicopathologic meanings (2011, methodology): “QUICKI is an inverse log transformation of HOMA, and has been found to be linearly related to formal clamp measures of IR.4 Statistical Analyses.”
Standard operating procedures for describing and performing metabolic tests of glucose homeostasis in mice (2010, background): “The standard approach for fasting mice prior to a GTT is the overnight fast (Heikkinen et al., 2007; Muniyappa et al., 2008).”