Cross-modal equivalence in early infancy: Auditory–visual intensity matching.

By David J. Lewkowicz, G. Turkewitz. 1980

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Multisensory Processes: A Balancing Act across the Lifespan (2016, background): “For instance, starting at birth infants detect low-level, rudimentary multisensory correspondences based on simple cues such as intensity [27] and temporal synchrony [28,29] and fail to detect the specific multisensory identity of objects and events.”
Early Experience & Multisensory Perceptual Narrowing (2014, background): “…can learn to associate arbitrary objects and sounds (Slater, Brown, & Badenoch, 1997), can perceive audio-visual equivalence based on intensity (Lewkowicz & Turkewitz, 1980), and respond differently to visual stimulation depending on whether auditory stimulation precedes it or not (Lewkowicz &…”
On tasty colours and colourful tastes? Assessing, explaining, and utilizing crossmodal correspondences between colours and basic tastes (2015, unknown): “Relevant here, developmental data shows that already, by 6 months of age, the infant can internalize the relationship between the colour of the cup and the taste of the contents ([46]; see also [30]).”
Synesthesia: Strong and Weak (2001, background): “Infants who have not yet learned language show a kind of cross-modal " matching " of loudness-brightness (Lewkowicz & Turkewitz, 1980) and pitch-position (Wagner, Winner, Cicchetti , & Gardner, 1981).”
Infants' perception of the audible, visible, and bimodal attributes of multimodal syllables. (2000, background): “For example, it has been shown that neonates can equate auditory and visual inputs on the basis of intensity ( Lewkowicz & Turkewitz, 1980 ) and that older infants can perceive audiovisual (AV) relations based on synchrony and duration (Bahrick, 1994, 1996; Lewkowicz, 1986, 1992a, 1992b, 1996b; Walk”
Intersensory Perception at Birth: Newborns Match Nonhuman Primate Faces and Voices. (2010, background): “For example, infants as young as 3 weeks of age can perceive the equivalent intensity of auditory and visual stimulation and infants as young as 2 months of age can perceive the synchronous onsets and offsets of auditory and visual stimulation (Lewkowicz, 2000; Lewkowicz & Turkewitz, 1980).”
Cross-Modal Communication: Sound Frequency Influences Consumer Responses to Color Lightness (2016, background): “For instance, three-week-old infants exhibit behavioral equivalence between loudness and brightness (Lewkowicz and Turkewitz 1980).”
The development of infant intersensory perception: advantages of a comparative convergent-operations approach. (2000, background): “…stimulation, an amodal attribute that appears to have special significance for animal and human infants in the period immediately following birth (Lewkowicz, 199l; Lewkowicz & Turkewitz, 1980, 1981; Schneirla, 1959; Spear, Kraemer, Molina, & Smoller, 1988; Turkewitz , Lewkowicz, & Gardner, 1983).”
Infants deploy selective attention to the mouth of a talking face when learning speech (2012, background): “, intensity-based and synchronybased) audiovisual relations (25, 26) and, as they grow, infants begin to exhibit increasingly more sophisticated multisensory perceptual abilities.”
Synesthesia: a new approach to understanding the development of perception. (2013, background): “After habituation to a brighter or darker light, newborns respond less to an intense or soft sound, respectively, a result suggesting that they had habituated to the intensity of the light and translated it into the auditory domain (Lewkowicz & Turkewitz, 1980 ).”
Constraints on Hypothesis Selection in Causal Learning (2015, background): “The idea of using high-level features to match percepts has been presented previously, in the literature on cross-modal matching (see, e.g., Lewkowicz & Turkewitz, 1980; Spence, 2011).”
Recognition of Amodal Language Identity Emerges in Infancy (2013, background): “For example, newborn infants can perceive A-V intensity equivalence (Lewkowicz & Turkewitz, 1980, 1981), learn their mother’s face if they have access to her voice in the first hours after birth (Sai, 2005), and can match monkey facial and vocal gestures on the basis of synchrony rather than…”