Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic Influences on the Distribution of Anthocyanins and Betacyanins in Leaves of Tropical Plants

By David W. Lee, Timothy M. Collins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL PLANT SCIENCES, 2001

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Anthocyanin Function in Vegetative Organs (2008, background): “More commonly, however, anthocyanins occur in the vacuoles of the chlorenchyma cells themselves (Wheldale 1916; Gould and Quinn 1999; Gould et al. 2000; Lee and Collins 2001 ), a suboptimal location for UV filtering.”
The ecophysiology of foliar anthocyanin (2003, background): “Anthocyanin is widely distributed in the palisade and/or spongy mesophyll cells of many plant species (Gould & Quinn, 1999; Lee & Collins, 2001).”
Nature's Swiss Army Knife: The Diverse Protective Roles of Anthocyanins in Leaves (2004, background): “Leaves that are rich in chlorophyll as well as anthocyanin tend to be brown or even black, mimicking dead foliage or else serving to camouflage leaves against the exposed soil and litter of forest floors [30, 31, 32, 33].”
Do anthocyanins function as osmoregulators in leaf tissues (2002, background): “More recently, Lee and Collins (2001) identified 179 tropical angiosperm species that exhibit juvenile reddening.”
Anthocyanins in Leaves and Other Vegetative Organs: An Introduction (2002, unknown): “…UV-protectants than other flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid cun-jugates (Woodall and Stewart, 1998) and in many leaves anthocyanins are not optimally located for UV-B screening (Lee et al., 1987; Gould and Quinn, 1999; Lee and Collins, 2001) compared to other flavonoids (Burchard et al., 2000).”