Intestinal Short Chain Fatty Acids and their Link with Diet and Human Health
By D. Ríos-Covian, P. Ruas-Madiedo, A. Margolles, M. Gueimonde, C. G. de los Reyes-Gavilán, N. Salazar. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016
1,957 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The colon is inhabited by a dense population of microorganisms, the so-called “gut microbiota,” able to ferment carbohydrates and proteins that escape absorption in the small intestine during digestion. This microbiota produces a wide range of metabolites, including short chain fatty acids (SCFA). These compounds are absorbed in the large bowel and are defined as 1-6 carbon volatile fatty acids which can present straight or branched-chain conformation. Their production is influenced by the pattern of food intake and diet-mediated changes in the gut microbiota. SCFA have distinct physiological effects: they contribute to shaping the gut environment, influence the physiology of the colon, they can be used as energy sources by host cells and the intestinal microbiota and they also participate in different host-signaling mechanisms. We summarize the current knowledge about the production of SCFA, including bacterial cross-feedings interactions, and the biological properties of these metabolites with impact on the human health.
Subfields: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Molecular Biology, Physiology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bed197f620d44b2102f57ea685288e47c95386c7
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Citations in the corpus
- The Effect of Probiotics on the Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids by Human Intestinal Microbiome (2020, background): “The most common are acetic acid, propionic acid a d butyric acid (in a 3: :1 mola ratio), which onstitute 90%–95% of SCFAs pr sent in the human c lon, while smaller proportion of th se is formic acid [28].”
- The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae (2020, background): “acetate MD LD CKD IBD Inhibition of entero-pathogens; reduction of luminal pH, and increases the absorption of dietary nutrient [81,82].”
- Understanding the Holobiont: How microbial metabolites affect human health and shape the immune system (2017, background): “While a comprehensive species inventory of SCFA producers remains elusive, studies investigating individual species have uncovered interesting microbial cross-feeding dynamics (recently reviewed by Flint et al., 2015, and Rı́os-Covián et al., 2016).”
- Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Gut Microbiota (2017, background): “prausnitzii is a butyrate-producing bacterium; its decline leads to a decrease in SCFA production in IBD, whereas an increase was noted in sulfate-reducing bacteria that induce mucosal inflammation [79].”
- Butyrate: A Double-Edged Sword for Health? (2018, background): “The involvement of butyrate in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance has been studied (90).”
- Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice. (2017, positive): “Unabsorbed/undigested carbohydrates in the small intestine are fermented by the gut microbiota in the large bowel, producing their main end products, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactic acid (16), which may have multiple effects, including the modulation of enteroendocrine serotonin secretion”
- Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health. (2020, positive): “Besides effects on gastro-intestinal health, SCFA may play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity and related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by affecting body weight control through effects on energy intake and energy expenditure, as well as insulin sensitivity and systemic low-g”