The library of Babel: on the origin of gravitational thermodynamics

By Vijay Balasubramanian, Jan C. de Boer, Vishnu Jejjala, J. Simón. 2005

258 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We show that heavy pure states of gravity can appear to be mixed states to almost all probes. For AdS5 Schwarzschild black holes, our arguments are made using the field theory dual to string theory in such spacetimes. Our results follow from applying information theoretic notions to field theory operators capable of describing very heavy states in gravity. For half-BPS states of the theory which are incipient black holes, our account is exact: typical microstates are described in gravity by a spacetime ``foam'', the precise details of which are almost invisible to almost all probes. We show that universal low-energy effective description of a foam of given global charges is via certain singular spacetime geometries. When one of the specified charges is the number of D-branes, the effective singular geometry is the half-BPS ``superstar''. We propose this as the general mechanism by which the effective thermodynamic character of gravity emerges.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bcd82f752ddadd76d547b8e162b1a53f7c0861aa

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. V. Hubeny
2. M. Rangamani
3. R. Myers
4. S. Raju
5. J. Boer
6. Marika Taylor
7. D. Harlow
8. Vijay Balasubramanian

In Nuclear and High Energy Physics

1. V. Hubeny
2. S. Raju
3. R. Myers
4. M. Rangamani
5. Vijay Balasubramanian
6. J. Boer
7. D. Harlow
8. T. Takayanagi

In Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

1. S. Raju
2. V. Hubeny
3. R. Myers
4. M. Rangamani
5. Vijay Balasubramanian
6. J. Boer
7. S. El-Showk
8. D. Harlow

Citations in the corpus

• Quantum chaos and the complexity of spread of states (2022, unknown): “This complexity lies at the heart of the black hole information paradox [86], as explored some time ago in [87].”
• Quantizing N = 2 multicenter solutions (2008, background): “ (4.30) can once more (as in the two center case) be viewed as a phase space density against which the supergravity solution has to be smeared in order to nd the gravitational dual of each microstate [9] [44]. 4.3.3 Including the Fermionic Degrees of Freedom From the open string point of view [14] w”
• The fuzzball proposal for black holes (2008, background): “Discussions of the small scale of deviations of correlation functions in a typical state from that of the thermal state can be found in [122, 123]; see also [124].”
• Inflation in AdS/CFT (2005, background): “re state. Some mixed states arise by simply integrating out certain degrees of freedom in the CFT [44]. Conversely, certain pure states are expected to mimic mixed states to a high degree of accuracy [45,46]. We should emphasize that here we are claiming that the relevant mixed states arise because ”
• Entwinement and the emergence of spacetime (2014, unknown): “Consider, for example, the role of the matrix degrees of freedom in the SU(N) Yang-Mills theory dual to AdS5 [28] and the fractionated degrees of freedom in the D1-D5 string dual to AdS3 [29] in reconstructing the deep interior of space [30], the compact dimensions of the bulk [31, 32, 33], and the ”
• Four dimensional black hole microstates: from D-branes to spacetime foam (2006, background): “(1)For 1/2-BPS states in AdS5 a similar picture has emerged in [9, 10].”
• A Holographic View on Physics out of Equilibrium (2010, result): “computation, which by ensemble equivalence should agree with the thermal result, as was convincingly argued in [201, 202].”
• Black hole bound states in AdS(3) x S**2 (2008, background): “nection between density matrices in the CFT and coarse grained bulk geometries, and in particular black holes are the result of coarse graining over a large number of underlying microstate geometries [54, 55]. Before any of these ideas can be tested, we need to be able to quantize the moduli space o”
• Large N BPS states and emergent quantum gravity (2005, background): “On a more speculative note, [34] have proposed a different notion of coarse graining of geometries than what we have done so far, based on information theoretic notions, that might explain some aspects of black hole entropy and microcanonical counting of states.”
• Giant gravitons—with strings attached (I) (2007, background): “Attached 47 B.1 General Comments 48 B.2 Tracing over Subspaces 49 B.3 Reduction Formula in General 51 B.4 Examples 52 – 1 –”
• Black holes as effective geometries (2008, methodology): “Our exposition will be necessarily brief, we refer the reader to [19] for further details.”
• An infalling observer in AdS/CFT (2012, methodology): “r of the black hole using AdS/CFTand the literature on the information paradox is vast. Besides the papersmentioned above, a very incomplete list of references which were relevant to our work include [23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29]. A brief overview of this paper is as follows. In section 2, we describ”