Four dimensional black hole microstates: from D-branes to spacetime foam

By Vijay Balasubramanian, E. Gimon, T. S. Levi. 2006

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We propose that every supersymmetric four dimensional black hole of finite area can be split up into microstates made up of primitive half-BPS ``atoms''. The mutual non-locality of the charges of these ``atoms'' binds the state together. In support of this proposal, we display a class of smooth, horizon-free, four dimensional supergravity solutions carrying the charges of black holes, with multiple centers each carrying the charge of a half-BPS state. At vanishing string coupling the solutions collapse to a bound system of intersecting D-branes. At weak coupling the system expands into the non-compact directions forming a topologically complex geometry. At strong coupling, a new dimension opens up, and the solutions form a ``foam'' of spheres threaded by flux in M-theory. We propose that this transverse growth of the underlying bound state of constitutent branes is responsible for the emergence of black hole horizons for coarse-grained observables. As such, it suggests the link between the D-brane and ``spacetime foam'' approaches to black hole entropy.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/545042e9c87916de67007a8748434da061ac1643

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Citations in the corpus

Mergers and typical black hole microstates (2006, background): “Other asymptotically four-dimensional configurations that are smooth in five-dimensions and are microstates of four-dimensional black holes have been explored in [26,27,28].”
The fuzzball proposal for black holes (2008, background): “By replacing the asymptotically flat base space by an asymptotically locally flat (Taub-NUT) space such that V → 1 as r → ∞ one can also obtain candidate geometries for four charge black holes in four dimensions, as were discussed in [104], again with the same charges as typical black hole microstat”
Black hole bound states in AdS(3) x S**2 (2008, methodology): “In [21] (see also [20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 ]) these solutions were lifted to ve dimensions via the connection between IIA and M-theory on a circle.”
Comments on black holes I: the possibility of complementarity (2012, background): “String theory provides a microscopic explanation for the entropy of black holes [9], and the fuzzball structure of microstates provides a solution to the information paradox [10–31].”
Quantizing N = 2 multicenter solutions (2008, background): “Moreover, for certain choices of charges, namely pure D6’s with only abelian flux turned on2, the five-dimensional uplift of the solutions is smooth [30][27][31][32]; there are, at worst, conical singularities at the location of each center.”
Black holes, black rings and their microstates (2007, background): “Many groups have worked at obtaining smooth microstate solutions corresponding to five-dimensional and four-dimensional black holes, a few of the relevant references include [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36].”
Black holes as effective geometries (2008, background): “In [12] it was shown that a large class of multicentred bound solutions with the same asymptotic charges as black holes shows precisely this sort of growth with the string coupling.”
Global structure of five-dimensional fuzzballs (2013, background): “42) coming from individual bubbles, then [11, 30, 33]”
Split states, entropy enigmas, holes and halos (2007, background): “The general uplift of arbitrary multicentered IIA/CY3 solutions to M-theory has been discussed in [70, 71, 72, 73], generalizing [74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79] and relating some of these solutions in four dimensions to the multi-black hole/black ring and “bubbling” solutions in five dimensions studied e.”