Brown Dwarf Companions to G-Type Stars. I. Gliese 417B and Gliese 584C

By J. D. Kirkpatrick, C. Dahn, D. Monet, I. Neill Reid, J. Gizis, J. Liebert, A. Burgasser. 2001

320 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present astrometric and spectroscopic observations confirming that two nearby G dwarf systems (Gliese 417 = BD+36°2162 and Gliese 584AB = η CrB AB) have a widely separated, L dwarf, substellar companion. Using age estimates of the G dwarf primaries, we estimate masses for these L dwarfs from theoretical evolutionary tracks. For the L4.5 dwarf Gl 417B we estimate an age of 0.08–0.3 Gyr and a mass of 0.035 ± 0.015 M⊙. For the L8 dwarf Gl 584C we estimate an age of 1.0–2.5 Gyr and a mass of 0.060 ± 0.015 M⊙. This latter object also shows evidence of spectrum variability, which may be due to surface inhomogeneities rotating into and out of view. These new companions are also compared to six other L dwarf and T dwarf companions previously recognized. For the L dwarf companions, ages implied by the presence or absence of lithium are consistent with ages inferred from the primaries alone.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/bc859096079456dedf88bbe9a6f6b9e0bd5f83fc

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. A. Burgasser
2. Michael C. Liu
3. K. Luhman
4. J. D. Kirkpatrick
5. T. Dupuy
6. Kelle Cruz
7. K. Allers
8. I. Neill Reid

Citations in the corpus

• Multiplicity of Nearby Free-floating Ultracool Dwarfs: A Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 Search for Companions (2003, background): “…particularly interesting since 2MASSW J1112257+354813 is also known as Gl 417B, confirmed as a L dwarf and as companion of the G0 dwarf Gl 417A by Kirkpatrick et al. (2001), who measured a separation between the G dwarf primary and the 2MASSW J1112257+354813 unresolved system of 90>0 and a…”
• Individual Dynamical Masses of Ultracool Dwarfs (2017, background): “Unlike these two companion systems, Gl 417BC was originally identified on its own in 2MASS and was only later associated with the young star Gl 417 by Kirkpatrick et al. (2001).”
• YOUNG L DWARFS IDENTIFIED IN THE FIELD: A PRELIMINARY LOW-GRAVITY, OPTICAL SPECTRAL SEQUENCE FROM L0 TO L5 (2008, background): “G196-3B was identified as an L2-type companion to the young (∼20–300 Myr) early-M dwarf G196-3A (Rebolo et al. 1998; Kirkpatrick et al. 2001) while 2M 0141−46 was discovered as a single L0-type dwarf in the field (Kirkpatrick et al. 2006).”
• THE PHASES DIFFERENTIAL ASTROMETRY DATA ARCHIVE. II. UPDATED BINARY STAR ORBITS AND A LONG PERIOD ECLIPSING BINARY (2010, background): “Kirkpatrick et al. (2001) imaged a faint L8 dwarf of mass 0.060±0.15M⊙ at 194 ′′ southeast of the A-B pair.”
• THE HAWAII INFRARED PARALLAX PROGRAM. I. ULTRACOOL BINARIES AND THE L/T TRANSITION, (2012, unknown): “…et al. (1995); (51) Kirkpatrick et al. (1997); (52) Kirkpatrick et al. (1999); (53) Kirkpatrick et al. (2000); (54) Kirkpatrick et al. (2001a); (55) Kirkpatrick et al. (2001b); (56) Kirkpatrick et al. (2008); (57) Kirkpatrick et al. (2011); (58) Knapp et al. (2004); (59) Leggett (1992); (60)…”
• New spectral types L and T (2005, background): “…L, and T dwarfs across a wide spread of age—in star forming regions and clusters ranging from the Orion Nebula (age ≈ a few Myr) to the Pleiades (age ≈ 125 Myr), as companions to young field stars (see, for example, the list in Kirkpatrick et al. 2001), and as old field objects (age ≈ a few Gyr).”
• L′ and M′ Photometry of Ultracool Dwarfs (2004, unknown): “…Reid, & Hawley 2002; I. N. Reid 2003, personal communication), LHS 102AB (1–10 Gyr; Leggett et al. 2002b; Gizis, Reid, & Hawley 2002), GD 165B (1.2–5.5 Gyr; Kirkpatrick et al. 1999a), Gl 584C (1–2.5 Gyr; Kirkpatrick et al. 2001), and Gl 570D (2–5 Gyr; Burgasser et al. 2000; Geballe et al. 2001).”
• THE HAWAII INFRARED PARALLAX PROGRAM. II. YOUNG ULTRACOOL FIELD DWARFS (2016, background): “…Gagné et al. (2015a); (15) Gizis (2002); (16) Gizis et al. (2012); (17) Hall (2002a); (18) Jameson et al. (2008); (19) Kirkpatrick et al. (2000); (20) Kirkpatrick et al. (2001); (21) Kirkpatrick et al. (2008); (22) Kirkpatrick et al. (2010); (23) Kirkpatrick et al. (2011); (24) Liu et al.…”
• The Spectra of T Dwarfs. I. Near-Infrared Data and Spectral Classification (2001, methodology): “Burgasser et al. (2001) and Kirkpatrick et al. (2001b) have shown that T dwarfs can be segregated from L dwarfs in this spectral regime, and features useful for classification have been identified.”
• Stellar, brown dwarf and multiple star properties from a radiation hydrodynamical simulation of star cluster formation (2011, background): “…the minimum mass is also greater than the estimated masses of some objects observed in star-forming regions (Zapatero Osorio et al. 2000, 2002; Kirkpatrick et al. 2001, 2006; Lodieu et al. 2008; Luhman et al. 2008, 2009b; Bihain et al. 2009; Burgess et al. 2009; Weights et al. 2009; Quanz et…”
• Astrometry and Photometry for Cool Dwarfs and Brown Dwarfs (2002, unknown): “(20) Kirkpatrick et al. 2001.”
• Characterizing Young Brown Dwarfs Using Low-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectra (2006, background): “Given that 2MASS0141 4633 andG196-3B are 1–50 and 60–300 Myr old (Kirkpatrick et al. 2001, 2006; Rebolo et al. 1998), compared to our young sources and standards in the 1–3Myr old Ophiuchus and Chamaeleon clouds, it appears that our Na i index may make the transition from the low value typical of…”
• Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Observations of T Dwarfs: Brown Dwarf Multiplicity and New Probes of the L/T Transition (2006, background): “…Vrba et al. 2004, precision >20%), companions to nearby Hipparcos stars (Becklin & Zuckerman 1988; Nakajima et al. 1995; Burgasser et al. 2000b; Kirkpatrick et al. 2001; McCaughrean et al. 2004) and resolved absolute magnitudes for SDSS 0423-0414, SDSS 1021-0304 and the T1 + T6 binary Epsilon…”
• THE PALOMAR/KECK ADAPTIVE OPTICS SURVEY OF YOUNG SOLAR ANALOGS: EVIDENCE FOR A UNIVERSAL COMPANION MASS FUNCTION (2008, background): “With the mean ages of their respective primaries ranging between 8 Myr and 2 Gyr, all six known L/Ttransition companions (GJ 584C, Kirkpatrick et al. 2001; GJ 337CD, Wilson et al. 2001; Burgasser et al. 2005; 2MASS J1207334–393254B, Chauvin et al. 2005a; HD 203030B, Metchev & Hillenbrand 2006; HN…”
• FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS AND SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS OF YOUNG AND FIELD AGE OBJECTS WITH MASSES SPANNING THE STELLAR TO PLANETARY REGIME (2015, methodology): “…Reid et al. (2003b), (114) Henry & Kirkpatrick (1990), (115) Liu et al. (2013), (116) Hawkins & Bessell (1988), (117) Looper et al. (2008b), (118) Kirkpatrick et al. (2001b), (119) Dahn et al. (2002), (120) Seifahrt et al. (2010), (121) Schmidt et al. (2007), (122) Scholz et al. (2004), (123)…”