Interleukin-21: basic biology and implications for cancer and autoimmunity.

By R. Spolski, W. Leonard. Annual Review of Immunology, 2008

723 citations recorded by the source corpus.

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In Immunology

Citations in the corpus

Dendritic-cell-based therapeutic cancer vaccines. (2013, background): “…include (1) the presentation of antigen by appropriate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (Joffre et al., 2012; Lizée et al., 2013) and (2) the generation of CD4+ T cells producing cytokines helping CD8+ T cell proliferation and differentiation, e.g., IL-21 (Spolski and Leonard, 2008) (Figure 2).”
IL-21 acts directly on B cells to regulate Bcl-6 expression and germinal center responses (2010, background): “Vol. 207 No. 2 353-363 www.jem.org/cgi/doi/10.1084/jem.20091738 353 Br ief Definit ive Repor t IL-21 belongs to a family of cytokines that bind the common cytokine receptor chain in conjunction with additional receptor subunits; IL-21 exclusively binds IL-21R (Spolski and Leonard, 2008).”
Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2008, background): “As well as IL-17, T H 17 cells also produce IL-21, which is important for the differentiation of these cells and thus acts as a positive autoregulatory mechanism, but it also inhibits FOXP3 expression and regulatory T-cell developmen”
Generation of follicular helper T cells is mediated by IL-21 but independent of TH1, TH2 or TH17 lineages (2008, background): “IL-21 directly regulates B cell proliferation and class switching; IL-21R deficiency results in defective antibody responses and impaired germinal-center formation (Spolski and Leonard, 2008).”
Gain-of-function human STAT1 mutations impair IL-17 immunity and underlie chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (2011, methodology): “Peripheral T cell blasts from a patient displayed normal STAT3 activation in response to IL-23, as shown by WB (Fig.”
FOLLICULAR HELPER T CELLS: LINEAGE AND LOCATION (2009, background): “IL-21 is another important secreted factor in the regulation and/or enhancement of antibody isotype switch (Spolski and Leonard, 2008).”
CD8 T Cell Exhaustion During Chronic Viral Infection and Cancer. (2019, background): “IL-21 is produced mainly by follicular helper CD4 T (Tfh) cells (170)—a relevant observation, because there is often a skewing of CD4 T cell responses towards Tfh during chronic infections (171) and in some cancers (172, 173).”