NRF2 and cancer: the good, the bad and the importance of context

By M. Sporn, K. Liby. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 2012

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Activation of the p62-Keap1-NRF2 Pathway Protects against Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (2015, background): “type and stage of the cancer.(7,8) For example, NRF2 prevents the initiation but accelerates the progression of chemical carcinogen-mediated or oncogene-mediated carcinogenesis.”
ROS Function in Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress (2014, background): “By contrast, high levels of ROS generation due to loss of NRF2 lead to elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [101].”
The Warburg effect: essential part of metabolic reprogramming and central contributor to cancer progression (2019, background): “Aerobic glycolysis can minimize the production of ROS (Lu et al. 2015) which, at lower concentrations, can promote increased survival of cancer cells (Sporn and Liby 2012) as long as an adequate glucose supply is maintained (‘tumors act as glucose traps’, Shapot 1980).”
The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols (2018, background): “In vivo, curcumin can stimulate antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (Px) which lead to ROS detoxification [144].”
Phosphorylation of p62 activates the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway during selective autophagy. (2013, background): “, 2011), the cells may possess somatic mutation(s) of Nrf2 and/or Keap1, similar to the cases of certain cancer cell lines (Kensler et al., 2007; Sporn and Liby, 2012).”