Low-power low-phase-noise differentially tuned quadrature VCO design in standard CMOS

By Marc Tiebout. IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, 2001

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A CMOS direct injection-locked oscillator topology as high-frequency low-power frequency divider (2004, methodology): “As for any oscillator, the power consumption is dominated by the losses in the tank [13]:”
Analysis and design of a 1.8-GHz CMOS LC quadrature VCO (2002, background): “3Recent results [12] seem to be at variance with previous experience; this apparent contradiction will be explained in Section II.”
Ultra-low-Voltage high-performance CMOS VCOs using transformer feedback (2005, background): “As a result, to realize VCOs with low power and low phase noise, small inductor series loss and a large ratio are desirable [10].”
MEMS technology for timing and frequency control (2005, background): “5 dB attained by an LC-based oscillator [46], and still better than the −211.”
Series-resonant VHF micromechanical resonator reference oscillators (2004, background): “To better compare the performance of these oscillators with each other and with other existing oscillators, a normalized phase noise has been defined as a figure of merit (FOM) for oscillators [33]:”