The effects of insulin-like growth factors on tumorigenesis and neoplastic growth.

By H. Khandwala, I. McCutcheon, A. Flyvbjerg, K. Friend. Endocrine reviews, 2000

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Insulin-like growth factors and neoplasia (2004, background): “Several model systems have provided evidence that proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells is increased by IGF1-receptor activation, either in relation to higher levels of circulating IGF1 in the host or to AUTOCRINE production of ligands by neoplastic cell”
The insulin-like growth factor system and cancer. (2003, background): “The IGF system plays an important role in normal growth and development as well as in a variety of pathological situations, particularly tumorigenesis [9].”
Fasting serum glucose level and cancer risk in Korean men and women. (2005, background): “The multicancer site effect is consistent with postulated mechanisms of systemic consequences of hyperinsulinemia.(4,5) In interpreting the findings of these studies and of the KCPS, potential confounding by obesity is of concern.”
Androgen receptor in prostate cancer. (2004, background): “Alteration in the IGF system is observed in many human cancers, including prostate cancer (320).”
Systemic complications of acromegaly: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management. (2004, background): “The relationship between lung cancers and the IGF system has been suggested by experimental studies, demonstrating that IGF-IR expression occurs in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-SCLC, as well as in normal and tumoral lung tissue (313).”