Anatomical Localization, Gene Expression Profiling, and Functional Characterization of Adult Human Neck Brown Fat
By A. Cypess, Andrew P. White, C. Vernochet, T. Schulz, R. Xue, Christina A. Sass, T. Huang, C. Roberts-Toler, Lauren S Weiner, Cathy Sze and 11 more. Nature Medicine, 2013
656 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The imbalance between energy intake and expenditure is the underlying cause of the current obesity and diabetes pandemics. Central to these pathologies is the fat depot: white adipose tissue (WAT) stores excess calories, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) consumes fuel for thermogenesis using tissue-specific uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). BAT was once thought to have a functional role in rodents and human infants only, but it has been recently shown that in response to mild cold exposure, adult human BAT consumes more glucose per gram than any other tissue. In addition to this nonshivering thermogenesis, human BAT may also combat weight gain by becoming more active in the setting of increased whole-body energy intake. This phenomenon of BAT-mediated diet-induced thermogenesis has been observed in rodents and suggests that activation of human BAT could be used as a safe treatment for obesity and metabolic dysregulation. In this study, we isolated anatomically defined neck fat from adult human volunteers and compared its gene expression, differentiation capacity and basal oxygen consumption to different mouse adipose depots. Although the properties of human neck fat vary substantially between individuals, some human samples share many similarities with classical, also called constitutive, rodent BAT.
Subfields: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Physiology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/af92587fda56681d82216c9b21e514a446aa3762
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In Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
In Physiology
Citations in the corpus
- A switch from white to brown fat increases energy expenditure in cancer-associated cachexia. (2014, background): “Human brown fat is composed of adipocytes similar to both classical interscapular brown adipocytes (Cypess et al., 2013; Jespersen et al., 2013; Lidell et al., 2013) and mouse white adipocytes converted into brown (Sharp et al.”
- Ablation of PRDM16 and Beige Adipose Causes Metabolic Dysfunction and a Subcutaneous to Visceral Fat Switch (2014, background): “The kite-like structure in the interscapular region of human infants, however, seems to have characteristics of rodent classical BAT, and some classical brown fat cells may be retained in adult humans (Cypess et al., 2013; Jespersen et al., 2013; Lidell et al., 2013).”
- What We Talk About When We Talk About Fat (2014, neutral): “In adult humans, the answer may depend on the specific depot sampled, as cells with both brown and beige attributes have been identified, with the brown:beige ratio increasing as one moves deeper within the neck and back (Cypess et al., 2013; Jespersen et al., 2013; Lidell et al., 2013; Sharp et al.”
- Irisin and FGF21 are cold-induced endocrine activators of brown fat function in humans. (2014, background): “While stimulated beige adipocytes manifest thermogenic capacity similar to that of classic brown adipocytes, they are characterized by a distinct gene signature (Cypess et al., 2013; Jespersen et al., 2013; Sharp et al., 2012; Wu et al., 2012).”
- Activation of Human Brown Adipose Tissue by a β3-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist (2015, background): “One area of focus for over two decades has been the stimulation of BAT energy expenditure and nutrient consumption through activation of the b3-adrenergic receptor (AR), which is expressed in humans on the surfaces of brown and white adipocytes, urinary bladder, and potentially other tissues (Virtan”