Somatosensory cortical map changes following digit amputation in adult monkeys

By Michael M. Merzenich, R. Nelson, Michael P. Stryker, M. Cynader, A. Schoppmann, J. Zook. 1984

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Born to Learn: the Inspiration, Progress, and Future of Evolved Plastic Artificial Neural Networks (2017, background): “Finally, the developmental process is strongly shaped by input-output learning experiences throughout early life (Hensch et al., 1998; Kolb and Gibb, 2011), and yet high levels of plasticity are maintained throughout the entire lifespan (Merzenich et al., 1984; Kiyota, 2017).”
Plasticity in Sensory Systems: List of Contributors (2012, background): “Michael Merzenich’s seminal work on somatosensory (Kaas et al., 1983; Merzenich et al., 1984) and motor (Nudo et al.”
Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity: implications for rehabilitation after brain damage. (2008, background): “In 2–9 months after removal of a single digit, neurons throughout its entire cortical representation regionwere now responsive to the adjacent digits and skin surfaces of the palm (Merzenich et al., 1984).”
Implicit and Explicit Body Representations (2015, background): “Longo and colleagues (2010) argued that the wellknown plasticity of somatosensory cortex following both physical changes to the body (Merzenich et al., 1984; Pons et al., 1991) and learning (Elbert, Pantev, Weinbruch, Rockstroh, & Taub, 1995; Pascual-Leone & Torres, 1993) implied that there could…”
Activity-dependent structural plasticity. (2009, background): “At the axon, the presynaptic side of the synapse, neuronal activity mediated by glutamatergic synaptic transmission promotes outgrowth (Merzenich et al., 1984; Mattson, 1988; Lipton and Kater 1989; Wolff and Missler, 1992; Rekart et al., 2007; Hutchins and Kalil, 2008), which can be prevented by…”
Rehabilitation Robotics: Performance-Based Progressive Robot-Assisted Therapy (2003, background): “Reorganization of cortical maps has been demonstrated in the motor system (Asanuma, 1991; Jacobs and Konoghue, 1991), sensory system ( Merzenich et al., 1984; Pons et al., 1988), visual system (Kaas et al., 1990), and auditory system (King and Moore, 1991).”
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience a Model for Cortical Rewiring following Deafferentation and Focal Stroke (2009, unknown): “…in an activity-dependent fashion during development (Hensch, 2005; Mrsic-Flogel et al., 2007), following a lesion (Darian-Smith and Gilbert, 1995; Giannikopoulos and Eysel, 2006; Merzenich et al., 1984) and due to extensive training (Bangert and Altenmüller, 2003; Kleim et al., 2002, 2004, 2007).”
Computational Maps in the Visual Cortex (2005, background): “, and Miikkulainen, R. (2004). Contour integration and segmentation in a selforganizing map of spiking neurons.”
Nervous system reorganization following injury. (2002, background): “These changes reversed 2^4 h after the nerve block (Metzler and Marks, 1979).”
Phantom limb pain: a case of maladaptive CNS plasticity? (2006, unknown): “In these studies, the amputation of digits in an adult owl monkey led to an invasion of adjacent areas into the representation zone of the deafferented finger”
Image schemata in the brain (2005, background): “Working on adult squirrel and owl monkeys, Merzenich and colleagues (Buonomano and Merzenich 1998; Merzenich et al. 1984, 1987; Allard et al. 1991; Jenkins et al. 1990; Wall et al. 1986) have shown that adult primates are able to dynamically reorganize the somatosensory cortical maps within certain…”