Prisoners in 2014

By A. Carson. 2015

419 citations recorded by the source corpus.

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False Positives, False Negatives, and False Analyses: A Rejoinder to "Machine Bias: There's Software Used across the Country to Predict Future Criminals. and It's Biased against Blacks" (2016, unknown): “Yet, we still incarcerated 1,561,500 individuals in federal and state correctional facilities (Carson, 2015).”
Big Data Surveillance: The Case of Policing (2017, background): “Emblematic of the expansion of surveillance (Lyon 2003; Marx 2016; Rule 2007) is the rapid growth of the criminal justice system since 1972 (Carson 2015; Garland 2001; Wakefield and Uggen 2010; Western 2006).”
False Positives , False Negatives , and False Analyses : A Rejoinder to “ Machine Bias : There ’ s Software Used Across the Country to Predict Future Criminals . And It ’ s Biased Against Blacks . ” (2017, unknown): “Carson (2015:15) states that, “As a percentage of resi dents of all ages at yearend 2014, 2.7 percent of black males (or 2,724 per 100,000 black male residents) and 1.1 percent of Hispanic males (1,090 per 100,000 Hispanic males) were serving sentences of at least 1 year in prison, compared to less ”
To Be Alone or in a Group: An Exploration Into How the School-Based Experiences Differ for Black Male Teachers Across One Urban School District (2018, background): “In 2014, Black males between the ages of 18 and 19 were 10 times as likely to be in a state or federal correctional facility as White males in this age group (Carson, 2015).”