Openly Gay Athletes

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Gender, Sexual Prejudice and Sport Participation: Implications for Sexual Minorities (2009, background): “Indeed, sport has been identified as an institution organized by heterosexuality and hegemonic masculinity ( Anderson 2002; Connell 1995; Hargreaves 1993).”
Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbians Among Heterosexual Male and Female Student-Athletes (2007, background): “Such findings are not surprising considering the extensive research addressing the homophobic nature of sport in general, and men’s sport in particular ( Andersen 2002; Pronger 1990).”
Inclusive Masculinity in a Fraternal Setting (2008, background): “For example, covert forms of discrimination have been found among gay men despite their insistence that they are treated with equality (Anderson 2002).”
“Being Masculine is not About who you Sleep with...:” Heterosexual Athletes Contesting Masculinity and the One-time Rule of Homosexuality (2008, background): “…2001; Widmer et al. 2002; Ohlander et al. 2005; Yang 1997) studies show a significant decrease in cultural and institutional homophobia within North American society, something I (Anderson 2002, 2005a, b) and others (Price and Parker 2003; Southall et al. 2006) also find among teamsport athletes.”