Are church and state substitutes? Evidence from the 1996 welfare reform

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A Literature Review of Empirical Studies of Philanthropy (2010, background): “Crowding out estimates appear to be stronger in the human services sector with a number of studies finding considerable crowding out (Amos, 1982; Ferris & West, 2003; Hungerman, 2005; Payne, 1998; Schiff, 1990), whereas other studies find smaller or no crowding out effects (Brooks, 2002; Lindsey & S”
Deliver us from evil: religion as insurance (2007, methodology): “Hungerman (2005) uses a 1996 change in American welfare law as an instrument to show that church and government spending are substitutes.”
Is Crowding Out Due Entirely to Fundraising? Evidence from a Panel of Charities (2010, methodology): “Notable studies include Kingma (1989), Okten and Weisbrod (2000), Khanna, Posnett and Sandler (1995), Manzoor and Straub (2005), Hungerman (2005), Borgonovi (2006), and Gruber and Hungerman (2007).”
The Church vs the Mall: What Happens When Religion Faces Increased Secular Competition? (2008, background): “interaction between economic decisions and the religious sector (Chen 2005; Gruber and Hungerman, 2006; Hungerman, 2005 ).”
Crowding Out and Crowding In of Private Donations and Government Grants (2014, background): “Examining donations to Presbyterian Church congregations, Hungerman (2005) finds that government provision of charitable services crowd out church donations by 20 to 38 cents on the dollar.”