Glia and their cytokines in progression of neurodegeneration.

By R. Mrak, W. Griffin. Neurobiology of Aging, 2005

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Para-inflammation in the aging retina. (2009, background): “As for other tissues, oxidized DNA, protein and lipid, as well as AGEs, are all noxious stimuli, and may activate microglia in the aging neuronal tissue (Mrak and Griffin, 2005).”
Excitotoxicity: bridge to various triggers in neurodegenerative disorders. (2013, background): “Also, the involvement of some other anion channel in the excitotoxic Cl influx has been suggested (Vandamme et al., 2003; Babot et al., 2005 Mrak and Griffin, 2005; Griffin, 2006).”
Microglia derived from aging mice exhibit an altered inflammatory profile (2007, methodology): “Increased levels of cytokines have been linked to the etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases, particularly of Alzheimer’s (Griffin, 2006; Mrak and Griffin, 2005; Streit, 2005).”
Cytokines and their relationship to the symptoms and outcome of cancer (2008, background): “Cytokines and the central nervous system Macrophages in the brain, known as microglial cells, are an important source of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and are involved in the pathogenesis of various neurological disease”
A Review: Inflammatory Process in Alzheimer's Disease, Role of Cytokines (2012, background): “An important factor in the onset of inflammatory process is the overexpression of interleukin (IL)-1, which produces many reactions in a vicious circle that cause dysfunction and neuronal death.”