Microglia derived from aging mice exhibit an altered inflammatory profile

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Debris clearance by microglia: an essential link between degeneration and regeneration (2008, background): “Microglia in aged animals were characterized by the presence of lipofuscin granules, decreased processes complexity, altered granularity and increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- and IL-1b (Sierra et al., 2007).”
Neuroinflammation: The Devil is in the Details (2016, neutral): “In this context, the source for the cytokines, particularly IL-1b and IL-6, is glia including astrocytes (John et al. 2003).”
Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain (2007, background): “If microglial turnover in humans is even lower than in mice, and individual cells may persist for decades, the aging of microglia becomes a most relevant topic—in particular with regard to altered protective capacities or loosening of control mechanisms that contain potentially harmful activities [4”
Microglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration (2017, background): “However, aging microglia display signs of dystrophy, including reduced ramification and short, tortuous, swollen processes (58).”
Microglia shape adult hippocampal neurogenesis through apoptosis-coupled phagocytosis (2010, methodology): “A full series (encompassing 8-9 sections) of free-floating sections were immunostained following conventional procedures (Sierra et al., 2007).”