Exosomes from Human Saliva as a Source of microRNA Biomarkers

By A. Michael, S. Bajracharya, P. S. Yuen, Hua Zhou, R. Star, G. Illei, I. Alevizos. Oral Diseases, 2009

724 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Objective To examine the presence of microRNAs within exosomes isolated from human saliva and to optimize and test methods for successful downstream applications. Design Exosomes isolated from fresh and frozen glandular and whole human saliva were used as a source of microRNAs. The presence of microRNAs was validated with TaqMan Real Time PCR and microRNA microarrays. Results We successfully isolated exosomes from human saliva from healthy controls and a patient with Sjögren’s syndrome. MicroRNAs extracted from the exosomal fraction were sufficient for quantitative PCR and microarray profiling. Conclusions The isolation of microRNAs from easily and non-invasively obtained salivary exosomes with subsequent characterization of the microRNA expression patterns is promising for the development of future biomarkers of the diagnosis and prognosis of various salivary gland pathologies.

Subfields: Cancer Research, Molecular Biology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a8d7db8e27d44ff5991d10f6c17042b511157978

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Cancer Research

1. G. Raposo
2. W. Stoorvogel
3. Jin Wang
4. S. Sen
5. Jinyun Chen
6. C. Théry
7. T. Whiteside
8. Raghu Kalluri

In Molecular Biology

1. G. Raposo
2. W. Stoorvogel
3. Jin Wang
4. S. Sen
5. Jinyun Chen
6. C. Théry
7. Marina Colombo
8. T. Whiteside

In Physiology

1. G. Raposo

Citations in the corpus

• Standardization of sample collection, isolation and analysis methods in extracellular vesicle research (2013, neutral): “However, saliva EV may be markers of oral cancer (158) and the autoimmune disease Sjögrens syndrome (159).”
• Extracellular vesicles: Exosomes, microvesicles, and friends (2013, background): “Later studies reported on the RNA contents of EV isolates from other cell cultures (Skog et al., 2008) and from body fluids (Hunter et al., 2008; Rabinowits et al., 2009; Michael et al., 2010).”
• microRNA as Biomarkers and Diagnostics (2016, background): “Exosomal miRNA signatures from the salivary glands were proposed as biomarkers of Sj€ogren’s syndrome as systemic autoimmune disease (Michael et al., 2010).”
• Translating RNA sequencing into clinical diagnostics: opportunities and challenges (2016, background): “exRNAs are released from all cells in the body and are protected from degradation by carriage within extracellular vesicles or association with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and lipoproteins [49] [50] [51] [52] 160 .”
• The Majority of MicroRNAs Detectable in Serum and Saliva Is Concentrated in Exosomes (2012, background): “MiRNA signatures from both unfractionated whole serum, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid [8] and from exosomes [9] showed promise as diagnostic biomarkers, but there is no consensus about the relative contribution of exosomal miRNAs to whole serum microRNAs.”
• Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles in host–pathogen interactions (2014, neutral): “The source of these exosomes/extracellular vesicles were cultured cells [60] and body fluids [61,62].”
• Influence of storage condition on exosome recovery (2016, neutral): “In addition to these pathogenic roles, protein and microRNA profile of exosomes have been regarded as a promising biomarker of diseases [5,6,8,33,35].”
• MicroRNA dysregulation in cancer: diagnostics, monitoring and therapeutics. A comprehensive review (2012, neutral): “…total blood, plasma or serum; Mitchell et al, 2008; Schwarzenbach et al, 2011), circulating exosomes (Taylor & Gercel-Taylor, 2008), and from different biologic fluids like urine (Hanke et al, 2010), saliva (Michael et al, 2010; Park et al, 2009) and even sputum (Xie et al, 2010; Yu et al, 2010).”
• Exosome and Exosomal MicroRNA: Trafficking, Sorting, and Function (2015, background): “Accumulating evidence has shown that miRNAs can stably exist in body fluids, including saliva [11,12], urine [13], breast milk [14], and blood [11,15,16].”
• Characterization of human plasma-derived exosomal RNAs by deep sequencing (2013, background): “While exosomes have been shown to play functional roles in recipient cells, the RNA content of the exosomes may provide unique molecular signatures for disease diagnosis and prognosis [9,36-39].”