Inverse temperature dependence of the dust submillimeter spectral index

By X. Dupac, J. Bernard, N. Boudet, M. Giard, J. Lamarre, C. Meny, F. Pajot, I. Ristorcelli, G. Serra, B. Stepnik and 1 more. 2003

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We present a compilation of PRONAOS-based results concerning the temperature dependence of the dust submillimeter spectral index, including data from Galactic cirrus, star-forming regions, dust associated to a young stellar object, and a spiral galaxy. We observe large variations of the spectral index (from 0.8 to 2.4) in a wide range of temperatures (11 to 80 K). These spectral index variations follow a hyperbolic-shaped function of the temperature, high spectral indices (1.6-2.4) being observed in cold regions (11-20 K) while low indices (0.8-1.6) are observed in warm regions (35-80 K). Three distinct effects may play a role in this temperature dependence: one is that the grain sizes change in dense environments, another is that the chemical composition of the grains is not the same in different environments, a third one is that there is an intrinsic dependence of the dust spectral index on the temperature due to quantum processes. This last effect is backed up by laboratory measurements and could be the dominant one.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

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Citations in the corpus

Probing the dust properties of galaxies up to submillimetre wavelengths. II. Dust-to-gas mass ratio trends with metallicity and the submm excess in dwarf galaxies (2011, background): “Several hypotheses have be studied to explain this excess by a variation of the dust emissivity in that submm regime: Models of Meny et al. (2007) and observations of Dupac et al. (2003) found an effective decrease in the submm emissivity index as the dust temperature increases.”
SHARC-2 350 μm Observations of Distant Submillimeter-selected Galaxies (2006, unknown): “…assume ¼ 1:5 for the SED fit, as it provides good characterization of actively star-forming environments, both in accu- rately modeled Galactic clouds (Dupac et al. 2003) and galaxies of the local universe (Dunne & Eales 2001), and is broadly consistent with laboratory measurements on carbite and…”
A Herschel view of the far-infrared properties of submillimetre galaxies (2012, unknown): “Laboratory experiments as well as observations indiverse Galactic environments suggest a broad range of values for β (Dunne & Eales 2001; Dupac et al. 2003, and references therein).”
Dusty Star Forming Galaxies at High Redshift (2014, background): “…galaxies debate whether or not β also has temperature dependence, with laboratory experiments suggesting an anti-correlation (Lisenfeld et al., 2000; Dupac et al., 2003; Paradis et al., 2009; Shetty et al., 2009a,b; Veneziani et al., 2010; Bracco et al., 2011; Tabatabaei et al., 2014), although…”
THE EFFECT OF LINE-OF-SIGHT TEMPERATURE VARIATION AND NOISE ON DUST CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS (2009, background): “The shape of the T - β correlation in Figure 8 from a model with a single β is remarkably similar to that shown in Dupac et al. (2003).”
Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium (2014, background): “Many studies find an apparent anti-correlation between β and Td (see e.g. Dupac et al., 2003; Désert et al., 2008).”
Far-infrared to millimeter astrophysical dust emission. I. A model based on physical properties of a (2007, methodology): “The analysis of the PRONAOS observations toward several regions of the sky, ranging from diffuse molecular clouds to star forming regions such as Orion or M 17, have shown an anti-correlation between the dust temperature and the emissivity spectral index (see Dupac et al. 2003a).”
Planck 2013 results. XI. All-sky model of thermal dust emission (2013, background): “Several other studies have highlighted similar βobs − Tobs anticorrelations from observations of specific regions on the sky (Dupac et al. 2003; Désert et al. 2008; Paradis et al. 2010; Planck Collaboration XXV 2011).”
ANDROMEDA'S DUST (2013, background): “A number of studies have claimed that interstellar dust opacities are temperature dependent (Dupac et al. 2003; Paradis et al. 2010, 2011; Liang et al. 2012), although apparent β–”
The dust scaling relations of the Herschel Reference Survey (2012, background): “In the following, we consider modified black-bodies with 1≤ β ≤2.5 which appear the most favoured range of values according to theoretical models and observations (Finkbeiner et al. 1999; Dupac et al. 2003; Gordon et al. 2010; Paradis et al. 2010; Planck Collaboration et al. 2011).”
The global dust SED: tracing the nature and evolution of dust with DustEM (2010, background): “The determination of dust temperatures and the dust spectral emissivity index,β (Qabs ∼ νβ), from far-IR to submm data is degenerate and sensitive to the errors or multiple dust temperatures (Dupac et al. 2003; Shetty et al. 2009a,b).”
Predictions for high-frequency radio surveys of extragalactic sources (2004, methodology): “13 and 14 if the mm excess detected in our own Galaxy, combining Archeops with WMAP and DIRBE data (Bernard et al. 2003; Dupac et al. 2003), and in NGC1569 is a general property of the SED of dusty galaxies.”
HERSCHEL FAR-INFRARED AND SUBMILLIMETER PHOTOMETRY FOR THE KINGFISH SAMPLE OF NEARBY GALAXIES (2011, background): “…in the dust or a modified dust emissivity at sub-millimeter wavelengths, e.g., changes with environment in dust grain size and/or composition (see Lisenfeld et al. 2002; Aguirre et al. 2003; Dupac et al. 2003; Meny et al. 2007; Galametz et al. 2009; Meixner et al. 2010, and references therein).”
Infrared Extinction toward Nearby Star-forming Regions (2007, background): “Schnee et al. (2005) and Dupac et al. (2003) measure the emissivity spectral index β (κ ν ∝ ν β ) in the far-infrared and find variations between Orion, Ophiuchus and Serpens.”