Far-infrared to millimeter astrophysical dust emission. I. A model based on physical properties of a

By C. Meny, V. Gromov, N. Boudet, J. Bernard, D. Paradis, C. Nayral. 2007

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Aims. We propose a new description of astronomical dust emission in the spectral region from the far-infrared to millimeter wavelengths. Methods. Unlike previous classical models, this description explicitly incorporates the effect of the disordered internal structure of amorphous dust grains. Our model is based on results from solid state physics used to interpret laboratory data. The model takes into account the effect of absorption by disordered charge distribution, as well as the effect of absorption by localized two level systems. Results. We review constraints on the various free parameters of the model from theory and laboratory experimental data. We show that, for realistic values of the free parameters, the shape of the emission spectrum will exhibit very broad structures whose shape will change in a non trivial way with the temperature of dust grains. The spectral shape also depends upon the parameters describing the internal structure of the grains. This opens new perspectives for identifying the nature of astronomical dust from the observed shape of the FIR/mm emission spectrum. A companion paper will provide an explicit comparison of the model with astronomical data.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a62fe3b73923085bb259c00c9336744de7195e25

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Non-standard grain properties, dark gas reservoir, and extended submillimeter excess, probed by Herschel in the Large Magellanic Cloud (2011, background): “…of the dust budget of the galaxy (Galliano et al., 2003, 2005; Galametz et al., 2009; O’Halloran et al., 2010); (ii) temperature dependent submm emissivity (Meny et al., 2007); (iii) rapidly spinning grains in addition to another component (Bot et al., 2010; Planck Collaboration et al., 2011a).”
Planck 2013 results. XXX. Cosmic infrared background measurements and implications for star formation (2013, background): “On the theoretical side, while models for both insulating and conducting materials naturally give β = 2 at long wavelengths (e.g., Draine & Lee 1984), significant deviations from the value β = 2 occur when accounting for the disordered structure of the amorphous dust grains (Meny et al. 2007).”
Probing the dust properties of galaxies up to submillimetre wavelengths. II. Dust-to-gas mass ratio trends with metallicity and the submm excess in dwarf galaxies (2011, background): “Several hypotheses have be studied to explain this excess by a variation of the dust emissivity in that submm regime: Models of Meny et al. (2007) and observations of Dupac et al. (2003) found an effective decrease in the submm emissivity index as the dust temperature increases.”
ANDROMEDA'S DUST (2013, background): “The “two level system” (TLS) model (Meny et al. 2007; Paradis et al. 2011) predicts that increasing dust temperature T should lead to a lower value of β.”
The evolution of amorphous hydrocarbons in the ISM: dust modelling from a new vantage point (2013, background): “…a-C(:H), whether in grains or mantles, could have a significant effect on the FIR-mm dust emissivity and that this will be superimposed any effects due to amorphous silicate variations (e.g., Agladze et al. 1996; Mennella et al. 1998; Boudet et al. 2005; Meny et al. 2007; Coupeaud et al. 2011).”
The CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor (2013, background): “It may increase by factors of 2− 3 at very high column densities (Schnee et al. 2008; Flagey et al. 2009; Planck Collaboration et al. 2011d), likely due to grain growth or perhaps solid state effects at low temperatures (e.g., Mény et al. 2007).”
Planck intermediate results. XXII. Frequency dependence of thermal emission from Galactic dust in intensity and polarization (2014, background): “Meny et al. (2007) introduced a physical description of FIR / microwave dust emission, where the microwave dust opacity of amorphous grains is dominated by low energy transitions associated with disorder in the structure of the solids on atomic scales.”
Dust spectral energy distributions of nearby galaxies: an insight from the Herschel Reference Survey (2014, background): “Meny et al. (2007) proposed a solid state based temperature dependent emissivity increase at long wavelength, in amorphous materials.”
Gas-to-dust mass ratios in local galaxies over a 2 dex metallicity range (2013, background): “Meny et al. (2007) proposed variations of the optical properties of the dust with the temperature which results in an enhanced emission of the dust at submm/mm wavelengths.”
An Overview of the Dwarf Galaxy Survey (2013, background): “…(1) very cold dust component (e.g., Galliano et al. 2005; Galametz et al. 2011); (2) unusual dust emissivity properties (e.g., Lisenfeld et al. 2002;Meny et al. 2007; Galliano et al. 2011; Paradis et al. 2011); (3) anomalous spinning dust which has explained excess emission appearing at radio…”
A MEASUREMENT OF SECONDARY COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES FROM THE 2500 SQUARE-DEGREE SPT-SZ SURVEY (2014, background): “As discussed in (Meny et al. 2007), the emission of both amorphous and crystalline dust grains is both temperature and frequency dependent.”
HERSCHEL FAR-INFRARED AND SUBMILLIMETER PHOTOMETRY FOR THE KINGFISH SAMPLE OF NEARBY GALAXIES (2011, background): “…in the dust or a modified dust emissivity at sub-millimeter wavelengths, e.g., changes with environment in dust grain size and/or composition (see Lisenfeld et al. 2002; Aguirre et al. 2003; Dupac et al. 2003; Meny et al. 2007; Galametz et al. 2009; Meixner et al. 2010, and references therein).”
Planck 2013 results. XI. All-sky model of thermal dust emission (2013, background): “Planck’s spectral coverage allows us to model the big grain thermal emission, in particular its spectral index that is related to the grain composition and structure (Ormel et al. 2011; Meny et al. 2007; Köhler et al. 2012).”
The pre-launch Planck Sky Model: a model of sky emission at submillimetre to centimetre wavelengths (2012, background): “Recent work, modelling dust emission as a two-level system in a disordered medium (Meny et al. 2007; Paradis et al. 2011), predicts significant curvature in the dust spectral index at frequencies below 1 THz and is a counterexample to the assumption of a simple modified blackbody.”
The global dust SED: tracing the nature and evolution of dust with DustEM (2010, background): “The current development plan forDustEM consists of the inclusion of (i) the spinning dust emission, (ii) the polarized xtinction/emission, and (iii) the physics of amorphous solids at low temperatures (Meny et al. 2007).”