A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition.

By Susan T. Fiske, Amy J. C. Cuddy, Peter Glick, Jun Xu. 2002

7,094 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Gender Studies, Social Psychology, Sociology and Political Science, Cognitive Science & Psychology, Social Sciences & Humanities

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Citations in the corpus

Diagnosing Gender Bias in Image Recognition Systems (2020, background): “Widely held and enduring gender beliefs characterize women as less agentic, less worthy, and less competent than men (Conway, Pizzamiglio, and Mount 1996; Fiske et al. 2002; Lueptow, Garovich-Szabo, and Lueptow 2001; Spence and Buckner 2000).”
Stereotypical Inferences as Mediators of Age Discrimination: The Role of Competence and Warmth (2011, positive): “But being opinionated may be interpreted as a sign of selfconfidence and hence more closely related to competence than to warmth (Fiske et al., 2002).”
To Disclose or Not to Disclose Biracial Identity: The Effect of Biracial Disclosure on Perceiver Evaluations and Target Responses (2009, background): “, 2002) and envy toward those they perceive high in competence and low in warmth (Fiske et al., 2002).”
Dehumanization and social class: Animality in the stereotypes of “white trash,” “chavs,” and “bogans”. (2014, methodology): “Wording for these items was drawn directly from published sources (Fiske et al., 2002; Judd, James-Hawkins, Yzerbyt, & Kashima, 2005; Leach et al., 2007).”
Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences (2009, positive): “The SCM predicts reference groups to lodgei nt he high–high cluster,s eparated from other groups, and the US data consistentlysupportthis (Cuddy et al.,2007; Fiske et al.,2002).”
It ain’t easy eating greens: Evidence of bias toward vegetarians and vegans from both source and target (2017, methodology): “Fiske et al. (2002) suggest that groups stereotyped along these lines (e.g., Asians, educated people, men, professionals, and rich people) are targets of envious prejudice.”
Unseen Injustice: Incivility as Modern Discrimination in Organizations (2008, background): “According to theories of ambivalent stereotyping (e.g., Fiske et al., 2002; Glick & Fiske, 1999, 2001) and intergroup competition (e.g., Jackman, 1994), the most vulnerable might be professionally and economically successful women and minorities— those who are perceived as highly competent and…”
The Motivational Theory of Role Modeling: How Role Models Influence Role Aspirants’ Goals (2015, background): “The stereotype content model (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002) would further suggest that the importance of these attributes varies depending on the target’s group membership.”
Doing Gender for Different Reasons: Why Gender Conformity Positively and Negatively Predicts Self-Esteem 1 (2010, methodology): “Additionally, Guerrero-Witt and Wood (2009) utilized experience sampling by asking participants to record all social interactions lasting more than 10 minutes, as well as their feelings immediately following the interactions, over the course of 1 week.”
Status incongruity and backlash effects: Defending the gender hierarchy motivates prejudice against female leaders. (2012, background): “However, our concern is that status and competence ratings are so highly related (Eckes, 2002; Fiske et al., 2002) that female leaders who lower their status may jeopardize their perceived competence.”
The Centrality of the Self-Control Ethos in Western Aspersions Regarding Outgroups: A Social Representational Approach to Stereotype Content (2007, background): “Able-bodied welfare recipients are among the most stigmatised groups, especially in North America (Fiske et al., 2002; Gilens, 1999).”
Gender Stereotypes. (2018, methodology): “This happens, for instance, for women working in male-dominated jobs, who are seen as unfeminine (Badgett & Folbre 2003), and for professional women, who are seen as members of a specific subtype of women that is high in competence but low in warmth—just like men (Fiske et al. 2002).”
On Norms and Agency: Conversations about Gender Equality with Women and Men in 20 Countries (2013, background): “25 Ridgeway and Correll (2004, 526–28) also cite a set of studies that looks empirically at the resilience of gender beliefs: Fiske et al. 2002; Lueptow, Garovich-szabo, and Lueptow 2001; and spence and Buckner 2000.”
Virtual Humans and Persuasion: The Effects of Agency and Behavioral Realism (2007, background): “In support of this notion, there is evidence in the stereotyping literature that men are perceived as more competent than women whereas women are perceived as more warm ( Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002 ).”