Applications of shape memory alloys in civil structures

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Experimental investigations of building structure with a superelastic shape memory alloy friction damper subject to seismic loads (2016, methodology): “SMAs also are used as reinforcement in concrete structure members, such as in concrete beams (Song and Mo 2003, Song et al 2006a, 2006b, Li et al 2007), concrete columns (Saiidi and Wang 2006, Andrawes et al 2010) and concrete beam–column joints (Youssef et al 2008).”
Iron-based shape memory alloys for civil engineering structures: An overview (2014, background): “, Ni–Ti or Cu-based alloys, can be found elsewhere [5,47,76–86].”
Reconciling viability and cost-effective shape memory alloy options – A review of copper and iron based shape memory metallic systems (2016, background): “The driving force for this transformation is the difference in the Gibbs free energy of the phases and can be temperature or stress induced [12].”
Seismic Response Control Using Shape Memory Alloys: A Review (2011, background): “Reprints and permissions: http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav Smith (2004); Janke et al. (2005); Wilson and Wesolowsky (2005), Song et al. (2006).”
Utilizing shape memory alloys to enhance the performance and safety of civil infrastructure: a review (2007, background): “Some of these applications, especially in the seismic field, have been discussed by DesRoches and Smith (2004), Wilson and Wesolowsky (2005), and Song et al. (2006).”