Utilizing shape memory alloys to enhance the performance and safety of civil infrastructure: a review

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Analytical prediction of the seismic behaviour of superelastic shape memory alloy reinforced concrete elements (2008, background): “Because of its unique characteristics, SMAs have gained increased usage in structural applications [2] for instance, as column anchorage”
Iron-based shape memory alloys for civil engineering structures: An overview (2014, background): “The modulus of elasticity of the Fe–28Mn–6Si–5Cr alloy considered in Table 3 is 170 GPa, which is much higher than that reported for Ni–Ti alloys, which varies from 30 to 98 GPa in austenite to 21–52 GPa in martensite [47].”
Experimental Investigation on the Seismic Behavior of Beam-Column Joints Reinforced with Superelastic Shape Memory Alloys (2008, methodology): “SMAs have gained increased usage in structural applications [Alam et al., 2007a]. For instance, Dolce et al., [2004] used SMA bracings for the seismic retrofitting of existing frames. Maji and Negret [1998] used SMA wires/tendons in prestressed concrete. Indirli et al., [2001] utilized SMA rods for ”