Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): Nuclear receptors at the crossroads between lipid metabolism and inflammation

By V. Bocher, G. Chinetti, J. Fruchart, Bart Staels. Inflammation Research, 2000

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Lipopolysaccharide activates an innate immune system response in human adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes. (2007, background): “Glitazones have previously been shown to have immunomodulatory properties (8) and reduce inflammation in both in vitro and in vivo models.”
Consumption of a fat-rich diet activates a proinflammatory response and induces insulin resistance in the hypothalamus. (2005, background): “These mechanisms range from the control of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 production, which may affect signal transduction through I B kinase (28, 29), to direct action on nuclear receptors controlling the production of immune-related factors (30).”
The Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Mediates the Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Palmitoylethanolamide (2005, background): “The fact that activation of PPAR- by synthetic agonists causes profound anti-inflammatory effects (Chinetti et al., 2000) prompted us to question whether PEA might also interact with this receptor to inhibit inflammation.”