Bone marrow–derived hematopoietic cells generate cardiomyocytes at a low frequency through cell fusion, but not transdifferentiation

By Jens M. Nygren, S. Jovinge, M. Breitbach, Petter Säwén, W. Röll, J. Hescheler, Jalal Taneera, B. Fleischmann, S. Jacobsen. Nature Medicine, 2004

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Potential risks of bone marrow cell transplantation into infarcted hearts. (2007, methodology): “We here addressed these important questions by using (1) genetically labeled cells, (2) whole BM and different fractions of BM-derived cell populations, (3) careful characterization of the cell biologic properties of the MSCs and their in vitro differentiation potential, (4) different types of myoca”
Engineered heart tissue grafts improve systolic and diastolic function in infarcted rat hearts (2006, background): “The mechanisms of functional improvement are currently under debat”
Stem cell plasticity: time for a reappraisal? (2005, neutral): “capacity of HSC to transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes is still debated.(96,97) In addition, recent experimental and clinical data(98,99) have shown restenosis of coronary arteries following BM SC therapy, thus suggesting that the route of administration of BM cells may be important for cellular ”
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells restore cardiac function in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy via trilineage differentiating capacity (2009, background): “Many studies have failed to document MSC differentiation into cardiac cell constituents in the infarcted heart (12, 28, 29).”