Sonic hedgehog--regulated oligodendrocyte lineage genes encoding bHLH proteins in the mammalian central nervous system.

By Q. Lu, Dong-in Yuk, J. Alberta, Zhimin Zhu, Inka Pawlitzky, J. Chan, A. P. McMahon, Charles D. Stiles, David H. Rowitch. Neuron, 2000

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During development, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins regulate formation of neurons from multipotent progenitor cells. However, bHLH factors linked to gliogenesis have not been described. We have isolated a pair of oligodendrocyte lineage genes (Olg-1 and Olg-2) that encode bHLH proteins and are tightly associated with development of oligodendrocytes in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). Ectopic expression of Olg-1 in rat cortical progenitor cell cultures promotes formation of oligodendrocyte precursors. In developing mouse embryos, Olg gene expression overlaps but precedes the earliest known markers of the oligodendrocyte lineage. Olg genes are expressed at the telencephalon-diencephalon border and adjacent to the floor plate, a source of the secreted signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog (Shh). Gain- and loss-of-function analyses in transgenic mice demonstrate that Shh is both necessary and sufficient for Olg gene expression in vivo.

Subfields: Genetics, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/999433480a6f0c1c6927b95d19975a0ef6942283

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Multi-compartment microscopic diffusion imaging (2016, background): “Both models are expected to impact myelination in the central nervous system, as Olig2 plays an important role in the formation of oligodendrocyte precursors and oligodendrocyte differentiation (Lu et al., 2000; Zhou et al., 2000).”
Opposing FGF and retinoid pathways control ventral neural pattern, neuronal differentiation, and segmentation during body axis extension. (2003, background): “…of the generic neuronal differentiaShh is necessary for MN specification (Chiang et al.,tion pathway and a subset of ventral patterning genes 1996; Lu et al., 2000; Wijgerde et al., 2002), and at laterare absent or dramatically depleted in the VAD spinal stages retinoids provided by somites or…”
The Age-Related Decrease in CNS Remyelination Efficiency Is Attributable to an Impairment of Both Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Recruitment and Differentiation (2002, background): “We therefore examined the expression of another marker, the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor Olig-1, whose expression in white matter is confined to the oligodendrocyte lineage (Lu et al., 2000; Zhou et al., 2000).”
Terminal differentiation of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes depends on the transcription factor Sox10. (2002, background): “In the CNS, Sox10 is one of the few transcription factors restricted to the oligodendrocyte lineage (Lu et al. 2000; Xu et al. 2000; Zhou et al. 2000).”
The repair Schwann cell and its function in regenerating nerves (2016, background): “Other genes including Olig1, Shh and artemin are absent/low both in immature cells and in earlier stages of the Schwann cell lineage (Lu et al. 2000; Zhou et al. 2000; Lin et al. 2015).”
Hedgehog signaling in animal development: paradigms and principles. (2001, background): “…et al. 2000 Oligodendrocytes Shh Proliferation/differentiation/survival of precursors Poncet et al. 1996; Pringle et al. 1996; Orentas et al. 1999; Lu et al. 2000; Davies and Miller 2001; Soula et al. 2001; Nery et al. 2001 Pancreas Shh Inhibition of pancreatic anlagen formation, insulin…”
The bHLH transcription factors OLIG2 and OLIG1 couple neuronal and glial subtype specification. (2002, neutral): “In heterozygotes, Olig2-hGFP -derived precursors gave is restricted to oligodendrocyte precursors (Lu et al., 2000; Zhou et al., 2000), nearly all OLIG2-positive cells rise to Islet1/2 (cid:2) motoneurons (Figure 3A, yellow cells) but not Chx10 (cid:2) V2 interneurons (Figure 3B).”
Timing of CNS cell generation: a programmed sequence of neuron and glial cell production from isolated murine cortical stem cells. (2000, background): “…helix-loop-helix proteins oligo-1 and oligo-2, which are initiated early in oligodendrocyte formation,stem cells may well be applicable to the behavior of stem cells in other regions of the developing CNS, such relates to the switch point (Lu et al., 2000; Zhou et al., 2000).as the spinal cord.”
Common developmental requirement for Olig function indicates a motor neuron/oligodendrocyte connection. (2002, neutral): “Olig genes mark oligodendrocyte precursors and their progeny in a restricted domain of the murine ventral spinal Results cord (Lu et al., 2000; Zhou et al., 2000).”
High cholesterol level is essential for myelin membrane growth (2005, background): “Oligodendrocyte survival The emergence of oligodendrocyte precursors requires the expression of Olig1 and Olig2 , which is dependent on sonic hedgehog (Shh”
The largest group of superficial neocortical GABAergic interneurons expresses ionotropic serotonin receptors (2010, background): “1C,D) (Lu et al., 2000; Zhou and Anderson, 2002; Britanova et al., 2008).”
The bHLH transcription factor Olig2 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation in collaboration with Nkx2.2. (2001, background): “2, or PDGFR are detected by E7.”