Fact-Checking Effectiveness as a Function of Format and Tone: Evaluating FactCheck.org and FlackCheck.org

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Nudge Effect of Fact-Check Alerts: Source Influence and Media Skepticism on Sharing of News Misinformation in Social Media (2020, methodology): “While recent studies have evaluated the effectiveness of fact-check formats to correct audiences’ beliefs and misperceptions (Young et al., 2018) and motivate users to create and disseminate factcheck alerts (Amazeen et al.”
Fact-Checking: A Meta-Analysis of What Works and for Whom (2019, background): “, counter-argue) fact-checking more than their less knowledgeable counterparts (Young et al., 2018) and thus be less likely to accept corrections of misinformation.”
Creating News Literacy Messages to Enhance Expert Corrections of Misinformation on Twitter (2020, background): “…journalistic outlets, serve as effective agents to correct misinformation, although success can depend on features of the correction, including use of humor or visual stimuli (Amazeen et al., 2018; Garrett et al., 2013; Nyhan & Reifler, 2010; Thorson, 2016; Wood & Porter, 2019; Young et al., 2018).”