A comparative study of concrete properties using coconut shell and palm kernel shell as coarse aggregates

By E. Olanipekun, K. O. Olusola, O. Ata. 2006

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Green concrete: A review of recent developments (2020, background): “Some of these wastes are; plastic [34], construction and demolition wastes [35], glass [36], agricultural wastes [37], slag [38], and ceramics [39].”
Green Concrete: By-Products Utilization and Advanced Approaches (2019, background): “Whereas a slight decrease was recorded for both compressive and tensile strength of concrete [187,188].”
Mechanical and bond properties of coconut shell concrete (2011, background): “One such alternative is coconut shell (CS), which is one of the most common agricultural solid wastes in many tropical countries [6].”
Effect of aggregate type on Compressive strength of concrete (2012, background): “These values are within the ranges for the specific gravity of aggregates from rock fragments International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Volume 2 Issue 3 2012 (Olanipekun, Olusola, and Ata 2006; Neville, 1995).”
Utilization of oil palm kernel shell as lightweight aggregate in concrete - a review (2013, methodology): “Proposals were made to substitute OPKS as road based materials instead of asphalt on various occasions [6,7,9,15,16].”
Lightweight concrete made from crushed oil palm shell: tensile strength and effect of initial curing on compressive strength. (2012, background): “A cost analysis in Nigeria [15] indicated cost reduction of 42% for concrete produced from OPS is possible.”